1. Konieczynski P, Viapiana A, Lysiuk R, Wesolowski
M. Chemical Composition of Selected Commercial
Herbal Remedies in Relation to Geographical Origin
and Inter-Species Diversity. Biol Trace Elem Res.
2018;182(1):169-177.
2. Sukhikh S, Asyakina L, Korobenkov M, Skrypnik L,
Pungin A, Ivanova S, et al. Chemical composition and
content of biologically active substances found in
cotinus coggygria, dactylorhiza maculata, platanthera
chlorantha growing in various territories. Plants.
2021;10(12):2806.
3. Yas RM, Ghafoor A, Saeed MAJSRP. Anticancer
effect of green synthesized gold nanoparticles using
orchid extract and their characterizations on breast
cancer AMJ-13 Cell line. Sys Rev Pharm.
2021;12:500-5.
4. Pal R, Meena N, Dayamma M, Singh DR.
Ethnobotany and recent advances in Indian medicinal
orchids. Orchids Phytochemistry, Biology and
Horticulture. 2022:361-87.
5. Prasad G, Seal T, Mao AA, Vijayan D, Lokho A.
Assessment of clonal fidelity and phytomedicinal
potential in micropropagated plants of Bulbophyllum
odoratissimum -An endangered medicinal orchid of
Indo Burma megabiodiversity hotspot. South Afr J
Bot. 2021;141:487-97.
6. Kashani HH, Faraji Z, Nikzad H, Parivar K, Nikzad
M. The effect of aqueous extract of Salep prepared
from root-tubers of Dactylorhiza maculate
(Orchidaceae) on the testes and sexual hormones of
immature male mice. J Med Plant Res
2012;6(24):4102-6.
7. Solhjo K, Kargar Jahromi H, Solhjo K A, Kargar
Jahromi Z, Khabbaz Kherameh Z, Mediyar M. The
effect of aqueous extract of the roots of Salep plants
on the serum concentration of progesterone and LH
hormone in female rats. Pars J Med Sci.
2022;13(1):21-26 (In Persian).
8. Tekinşen KK, Güner AJFC. Chemical composition
and physicochemical properties of tubera salep
produced from some Orchidaceae species. Food Chem
2010;121(2):468-71.
9. Paltinean R, Ielciu I, Vlase L, Mocan A, Gheldiu A,
Babota M, et al. Histo-anatomical researches,
polyphenolic profile and biological activities of the
aerial parts and tubers of Dactylorhiza maculata L.
SOÓ.(Orchidaceae). Farmacia J 2017;15:19.
10. Kargar JH, Solhjoo E, Hasannezhad A, Pourahmadi
M, Sahraei R, Atashpour S. Comparison of aqueous
extract of orchid's root (Dactylorhiza Maculate) with
ibuprofen on pain sensory thresholds using the
formalin test in adult male rats. Pars J Med Sci
2020.18;15-22.
11. Nurliyani N, Harmayani E, Sunarti S. Goat milk
Kefir supplemented with porang glucomannan
improves lipid profile and heamatological parameter
in rat fed high fat and high fructose diet. Romanian J
Diabete Nutr Metaboli Dis 2018;25(1):11-21.
12. Devaraj RD, Reddy CK, Xu BJIjobm. Healthpromoting effects of konjac glucomannan and its
practical applications: A critical review. Int J Biol
Macromol.2019;126:273-81.
13. Xu T, Zhang X, Liu Y, Wang H, Luo J, Luo Y, et al.
Effects of dietary polyphenol supplementation on iron
status and erythropoiesis: a systematic review and
meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. The
Am J Clin Nutr. 2021;114(2):780-93.
14. Cotoraci C, Ciceu A, Sasu A, Hermenean A. Natural
antioxidants in anemia treatment. Int J Molecul Sci.
2021;22(4):1883.
15. Machado IF, Miranda RG, Dorta DJ, Rolo AP,
Palmeira CM. Targeting oxidative stress with
polyphenols to fight liver diseases. Antioxid.
2023;12(6):1212.
16. Qu T, Gao Y, Li A, Li Z, Qin X. Systems biology
analysis of the effect and mechanism of total
flavonoids of Astragali Radix against
cyclophosphamide-induced leucopenia in mice. J
Pharm Biomed Anal. 2021;205:114357.
17. Zhu Z, Wu H, Su W, Shi R, Li P, Liao Y, et al.
Effects of Total flavonoids from exocarpium citri
grandis on air pollution particle‐induced pulmonary
inflammation and oxidative stress in mice. J Food Sci.
2019;84(12):3843-9.
18. Jomova K, Alomar SY, Valko R, Liska J,
Nepovimova E, Kuca K, et al. Flavonoids and their
role in oxidative stress, inflammation, and human
diseases. Chem Biol Interact. 2025;413:111489.
19. Zahra S, Aslam B, Javed I, Khaliq T, Khan J, Raza
A. Hematopoietic Potential of Polysaccharides
Isolated from Angelica sinensis against ACE Inhibitor
Induced Anemia in Albino Rats. Pakistan Vet J.
2016;36:11-5.
20. Turner J, Parsi M, Badireddy M. Anemia. 2018.
21. Leung AKC, Lam JM, Wong AHC, Hon KL, Li X.
Iron deficiency anemia: an updated review. Curr
Pediatr Rev. 2024;20(3):339-56.
22. World Health O. Global nutrition targets 2030:
stunting brief. 2025.
23. Hasan MM, Magalhaes RJS, Garnett SP, Fatima Y,
Tariqujjaman M, Pervin S, et al. Anaemia in women
of reproductive age in low-and middle-income
countries: progress towards the 2025 global nutrition
target. Bulletin of the World Health Organization.
2022;100(3):196.
24. Kargar Jahromi H. Effect of Ethanol Extract of
Devil’ s Claw on Serum Levels of
Cholecystokinin Hormone and Body Weight in Male
Rats. Asian J Pharm. 2018;12(01).
25. Atashpour S, Abedi H, Jahromi NS, Bagherzadeh
MA, Saremi J, Mahjour A, et al. Effect of high doses
of salep aqueous extract on serum levels of urea
nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid, and kidney
histopathological changes in adult male Wistar rats.
Arch Razi Inst. 2023;78(5):1451.
26. Hajiani M, Kargar Jahromi H, Kargar Jahromi Z,
Khabbaz Kherameh Z. Study on the effect of 4-weeks
treatment of the aqueous extract of the roots of Salep
plants on the serum concentration of leptin hormone
and body weight in male rats. Pars J Med Sci.
2022;12(4):9-17.
27. Kargar Jahromi H, Solhjoo E, Hassannezhad A,
Pourahmadi M, Sahraei R, Abedi H, et al. Comparison
of aqueous extract of Orchid’s root (Dactylorhiza
maculate) with ibuprofen on pain sensory thresholds
using the formalin test in adult male rats. Pars J Med
Sci. 2022;18(1):15-22.
28. Selvaraj S, Krishnaswamy S, Devashya V,
Sethuraman S, Krishnan UMJPilr. Influence of
membrane lipid composition on flavonoid–membrane interactions: Implications on their biological
activity.Prog Lipid Res 2015;58:1-13.
29. Baccarin T, Mitjans M, Lemos-Senna E, Vinardell
MP. Protection against oxidative damage in human
erythrocytes and preliminary photosafety assessment
of Punica granatum seed oil nanoemulsions
entrapping polyphenol-rich ethyl acetate fraction.
Toxicol In Vitro 2015;30(1):421-8.
30. Zhang L, Gong AG, Riaz K, Deng JY, Ho CM, Lin
HQ, et al. A novel combination of four flavonoids
derived from Astragali Radix relieves the symptoms
of cyclophosphamide‐induced anemic rats. FEBS
Open Bio 2017;7(3):318-23.
31. Huang S, Jiang X, Chen Q, Hu Z, Wang F, Zhao Y,
et al. Jujube polysaccharides mitigated anemia in rats
with chronic kidney disease: Regulation of short chain
fatty acids release and erythropoietin production. J
Func Food 2021;86:104673.
32. Liu H, Su L-L, Ren Y, Wang W-YJPM. Rehmannia
glutinosa polysaccharide increases the expression of
erythropoietin and vascular endothelial growth factor
in rats with chronic renal failure by activating
hypoxia-inducible factor-2α. Pharm Mag
2021;17(73):76.
33. Zhang J, Gao X, Pan Y, Xu N, Jia L. Toxicology and
immunology of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides
in Kunming mice and Wistar rats. Int J Biolo
Macromol. 2016;85:302-10.
34. Jin Y, Liu K, Peng J, Wang C, Kang L, Chang N, et
al. Rhizoma Dioscoreae Nipponicae polysaccharides
protect HUVECs from H2O2-induced injury by
regulating PPARγ factor and the NADPH
oxidase/ROS–NF-κB signal pathway. Toxicol Lett.
2015;232(1):149-58.
35. Wu Y, Zhu C-p, Zhang Y, Li Y, Sun J-r.
Immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects of
pomegranate peel polysaccharides on
immunosuppressed mice. Int J Biol Macromol.
2019;137:504-11.
36. Dönmez N, Dönmez H, Keskin E, Kısadere
IJTSWJ. Effects of aflatoxin on some haematological
parameters and protective effectiveness of esterified
glucomannan in Merino rams. Sci World J.
2012;2012.
37. Hoshino MDFG, Marinho RdGB, Pereira DF,
Yoshioka ETO, Tavares-Dias M, Ozorio ROdA, et al.
Hematological and biochemical responses of pirarucu
(Arapaima gigas, Arapaimidae) fed with diets
containing a glucomannan product derived from yeast
and algae. Acta Amazonica 2017;47:87-94.
38. Ahmed AA, Rahman MAJJoAV, Research A. Wild
epiphytic Bangladeshi orchids Cymbidium aloifolium
(L.) Sw. and Papilionanthe teres (Roxb.) Lindl.
potentially modulates the immune functions in Swiss
albino mice. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2021;8(3):479.
39. Hosseinzade A, Sadeghi O, Naghdipour Biregani A,
Soukhtehzari S, Brandt GS, Esmaillzadeh AJFii.
Immunomodulatory effects of flavonoids: possible
induction of T CD4+ regulatory cells through
suppression of mTOR pathway signaling activity.
Front Immunol 2019:51.
40. Li M-Y, Zhu X-M, Niu X-T, Chen X-M, Tian J-X,
Kong Y-D, et al. Effects of dietary Allium
mongolicum Regel polysaccharide on growth,
lipopolysaccharide-induced antioxidant responses and
immune responses in Channa argus. Molec Biol Rep.
2019;46(2):2221-30.