شیوع استعمال سیگار و شاخص های اپیدمیولوژیک کووید-19 در جهان: یک مطالعه اکولوژیک

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
فرزانه مباشری 1
لیلا مفتخر 2
لیلا جهانگیری 3
زهرا عطافر 4
فاطمه رضایی 5
1 دکترای تخصصی اپیدمیولوژی، مرکز تحقیقات عوامل اجتماعی مؤثر بر سلامت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی جهرم، جهرم، ایران
2 دکترای تخصصی اپیدمیولوژی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی آبادان، آبادان، ایران.
3 دکترای تخصصی ارتقاء سلامت، مرکز تحقیقات سوانح و حوادث جاده ای، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تبریز، تبریز، ایران. دکترای تخصصی ارتقاء سلامت، مرکز تحقیقات آموزش پزشکی، پژوهشکده مدیریت سلامت و ارتقای ایمنی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تبریز، تبریز، ایران
4 دکترای تخصصی بهداشت محیط، مرکز تحقیقات تعیین کننده های محیطی سلامت، مؤسسه سلامت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمانشاه، کرمانشاه، ایران
5 دکترای تخصصی اپیدمیولوژی، مرکز تحقیقات عوامل اجتماعی مؤثر بر سلامت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی جهرم، جهرم، ایران.
10.22034/pjms.2024.2042459.1169
چکیده
مقدمه: استعمال سیگار، افراد را در خطر بالاتری از ابتلا به بیماری‌های مختلف و به‌ویژه بیماری‌های تنفسی قرار می‌دهد، مطالعه حاضر همبستگی شیوع استعمال سیگار با چند شاخص‌ کووید-19 را بررسی کرد.
روش کار: 154 کشور که تا 31 دسامبر 2021 داده‌های مربوط به شیوع استعمال سیگار در جمعیت 10 ساله و بالاتر و شاخص‌های کووید-19 آنها شامل میزان بروز تجمعی، میزان تجمعی مرگ، میزان کشندگی و تعداد تست‌های انجام شده و درآمد موجود بود؛ وارد مطالعه اکولوژیک شدند. همبستگی شیوع استعمال سیگار و شاخص‌های کووید-19 برآورد گردید.
یافته‌ها: تحلیل داده‌های 154 کشور نشان داد شیوع استعمال سیگار با میزان بروز تجمعی (58/0=r)، میزان تجمعی مرگ (53/0=r) و تست‌های انجام شده (53/0=r) همبستگی معنی‌داری دارد (001/0>P)؛ درحالیکه همبستگی آن با میزان کشندگی معنی‌دار نبود (05/0<P). پس از گروهبندی کشورها بر اساس درآمد، شیوع استعمال سیگار و میزان بروز تجمعی در کشورهای با درآمد بالا (40/0=r)، درآمد متوسط بالا (41/0=r) و درآمد متوسط پایین (52/0=r) همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌داری داشت (05/0>P). همچنین، همبستگی مثبت معنی‌داری بین شیوع استعمال سیگار و میزان تجمعی مرگ در کشورهای با درآمد بالا (59/0=r)، درآمد متوسط پایین (43/0=r) و درآمد پایین (41/0=r) برآورد گردید. همبستگی میان شیوع استعمال سیگار و میزان کشندگی نیز فقط در کشورهای با درآمد بالا (41/0=r) و درآمد متوسط بالا (42/0=r) معنی‌دار بود (05/0>P).
نتیجه گیری: با توجه به همبستگی مثبت میان شیوع استعمال سیگار و شاخص‌های کووید-19، سیاست‌گزاران سلامت باید راهکارهای مداخله‌ای را برای کاهش استعمال سیگار اتخاذ نمایند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
استعمال سیگار
کووید-19
مطالعه اکولوژیک

عنوان مقاله English

Cigarette smoking prevalence and the epidemiological indicators of covid-19 in the world: an ecological study

نویسندگان English

Farzaneh Mobasheri 1
Leila Moftakhar 2
Leila Jahangiry 3
Zahra Atafar 4
Fatemeh Rezaei 5
1 Ph.D. Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
2 4. Ph.D. Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
3 Ph.D. Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Ph.D. Health Education and Health Promotion Department, School of Health, Medical Education Research Center, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
4 Ph.D. Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
5 Ph.D. Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
چکیده English

Introduction: Smoking puts the people at a higher risk of various diseases, especially respiratory diseases. The current study investigated the association between smoking prevalence and several indices of COVID-19.
Materials and Methods: In this ecological study, 154 countries with available databases up to December 31, 2021, containing age-standardized daily smoking prevalence, COVID-19 indices including cumulative incidence rate, cumulative rate of death, case fatality rate, and a number of COVID-19 testes were included. The correlations were determined between the smoking prevalence and the indices of COVID-19.
Results: The analysis of data from 154 countries showed that the smoking prevalence has a significant correlation (P>0.001) with cumulative incidence rate of case (r=0.58), cumulative death rate (r=0.53) and performed diagnostic tests (r=0.53); while its correlation with case fatality rate was not significant (P<0.05). After categorization countries based on income, the smoking prevalence and the cumulative incidence rate in countries with high income (r=0.40), high middle income (r=0.41) and low middle income (r=0.52) has a positive and significant correlation (P<0.05). Also, a significant positive correlation was estimated between the smoking prevalence and the cumulative death rate in countries with high income (r=0.59), low middle income (r=0.43) and low income (r=0.41). The correlation between the smoking prevalence and the case fatality rate was also significant (P<0.05) only in countries with high income (r=0.41) and high middle income (r=0.42).
Conclusion: Considering the positive correlation between the smoking prevalence and the indicators of covid-19, health policymakers should adopt intervention strategies to reduce smoking.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Smoking
COVID-19 infection
ecological study
countries
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مجله علوم پزشکی پارس
دوره 22، شماره 4
زمستان 1403
صفحه 1-14