1. Yanik EL, Katki HA, Engels EA. Cancer risk among the HIV-infected elderly in the United States. AIDS. 2016; 30(10):1663-1668. 2. UNAIDS, 2019. Global HIV & AIDS statistics. http://www.unaids.org/en/resources/fact-sheet.; 2019. 3. Turpin JA. The next generation of HIV/AIDS drugs: novel and developmental anti HIV drugs and targets. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2003; 1(1):97-128. 4. Gurunathan S, Klinman DM, Seder RA. DNA vaccines: immunology, application, and optimization. Annu Rev Immunol. 2000; 18(1):927-974. 5. Modrow S, Hahn BH, Shaw GM, Gallo RC, Wong-Staal F, Wolf H. Computer-assisted analysis of envelope protein sequences of seven human immunodeficiency virus isolates: prediction of antigenic epitopes in conserved and variable regions. J Virol. 1987; 61(2): 570-578. 6. Starcich BR, Hahn BH, Shaw GM, McNeely PD, Modrow S, Wolf H, et al. Identification and characterization of conserved and variable regions in the envelope gene of HTLV-III/LAV, the retrovirus of AIDS. Cell 1986; 45(5): 637-648. 7. Rajarapu G. Genes and Genome of HIV-1. J Phylogen Evolution Biol. 2013; 2:126. 8. Gach JS, Leaman DP, Zwick MB. Targeting HIV-1 gp41 in close proximity to the membrane using antibody and other molecules. Curr Top Med Chem. 2011; 11(24):2997-3021. 9. Gamble, L.J. and Q.L. Matthews, Current progress in the development of a prophylactic vaccine for HIV-1. Drug Des Devel Ther, 2010. 5: 9-26. 10. Tohidi F, Sadat SM, Bolhassani A, Yaghobi R, Larijani MS. Induction of a Robust Humoral Response using HIV-1 VLPMPER-V3 as a Novel Candidate Vaccine in BALB/c Mice. Curr HIV Res. 2019; 17(1):33-41. 11. Burton D.R., et al. HIV vaccine design and the neutralizing antibody problem. Nat. Immunol. 2004; 5(3): 233-236. 12. Hou P, Chen S, Wang S, Yu X, Chen Y, Jiang M, et al. Genome editing of CXCR4 by CRISPR/cas9 confers cells resistant to HIV-1 infection. Sci rep 2015; 5:15577. 13. Didigu CA, Wilen CB, Wang J, Duong J, Secreto AJ, Danet-Desnoyers GA, et al. Simultaneous zinc-finger nuclease editing of the HIV coreceptors ccr5 and cxcr4 protects CD4+ T cells from HIV-1 infection. Blood. 2014; 123(1):61-9. 14. Pantophlet R،Wrin T،Cavacini LA. Neutralizing activity of antibodies to the V3 loop region of HIV-1 gp120 relative to their epitope fine specificity.Virology. 2008; 381(2):251-260. 15. Jafarzade BS, Sadat SM, Yaghobi R, Bolhassani A. Reverse staining: Effective method for purification of HIV-1 Nef protein in prokaryotic expression system. Feyz. 2016; 20(5):420-426.(Persian) 16. Collins KL, Chen BK, Kalams SA, Walker BD, Baltimore D. HIV-1 Nef protein protects infected primary cells against killing by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Nature 1998; 391(6665):397-401. 17. Hokey DA, Weiner DB. DNA vaccines for HIV: challenges and opportunities. Springer Semin Immunopathol 2006; 28(3):267-79. 18. Kilpeläinen A, Axelsson Robertson R, Leitner T, Sandström E, Maeurer M, Wahren B. HIV-1 Nef protein carries multiple epitopes suitable for induction of cellular immunity for an HIV vaccine in Africa. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2014; 30(11):1065-71. 19. Cosma A, Nagaraj R, Bühler S, Hinkula J, Busch DH, Sutter G, et al. Therapeutic vaccination with MVA-HIV-1 nef elicits Nef-specific T-helper cell responses in chronically HIV-1 infected individuals. Vaccine 2003; 22(1):21-9. 20. Mierendorf RC, Morris BB, Hammer B, Novy RE. Expression and Purification of Recombinant Proteins Using the pET System. Methods Mol Med. 1998; 13:257-92. 21. Kumar M, Kaur S, Nazir A, Tripathi RK. HIV-1 Nef binds with human GCC185 protein and regulates mannose 6 phosphate receptor recycling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016;474(1):137-145. 22. Rosano GL, Ceccarelli EA. Recombinant protein expression in Escherichia coli: Front Microbiol. 2014;5:172. 23. Parzych EM, Miura K, Ramanathan A, Long CA, Burns JM Jr. Evaluation of a Plasmodium-specific carrier protein to enhance production of recombinant Pfs25, a leading transmission-blocking vaccine candidate. Infect Immun 2017;86(1). 24. Jiang XY, Wang CF, Zhang PJ, He ZY. Cloning and expression of Mycobacterium bovis secreted protein MPB83 in Escherichia coli. J Biochem Mol . 2006;39(1):22-5. 25. Lichty JJ, Malecki JL, Agnew HD, Michelson-Horowitz DJ, Tan S. Comparison of affinity tags for protein purification. Protein Expr Purif 2005;41(1):98-105. 26. Harris, ELV, Angal S. Protein purification methods. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 1989.