بررسی پیشگیری اولیه عوامل بیماریزای منتقله از راه خون در کادر پرستاری بیمارستانهای آموزشی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمان

نویسندگان

مرکز تحقیقات عوامل اجتماعی موثر بر سلامت، پژوهشکده آینده پژوهی در سلامت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمان، کرمان، ایران،

چکیده

زمینه:  پیشگیری اولیه مهمترین و موثرترین روش برای پیشگیری از عفونت های شغلی منتقله از راه خون در کارکنان بهداشتی درمانی می باشند. این مطالعه به منظور بررسی  وضععیت پیشگیری اولیه شامل رعایت احتیاطات استاندارد و واکسیناسیون برعلیه هپاتیت B در کادر پرستاری بیمارستانهای  آموزشی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمان انجام شد.
روشها:  این مطالعه مقطعی در کادر پرستاری بیمارستانهای آموزشی  بررسی با تکمیل پرسشنام انجام شد.   جمع آوری داده ها  بوسیله پرسشنامه ای با  روایی و پایایی مناسب انجام شد.
نتایج: از 397  نفر از کادر پرستاری مورد مطالعه، 86.9 درصد نفر ازآنها زن بودند .. بیشترین میزان رعایت کامل احتیاطات استاندارد بترتیب مربوط به پوشیدن دستکش هنگام تماس با مخاط یا پوست ناسالم بیمار ( 64.8درصد)، پوشیدن دستکش هنگام تماس با خون و مایعات بدن بیمار(59.6درصد) و انداختن سوزن همراه با سرنگ به داخل سفتی باکس(56.4درصد) بود.  میانگین وانحراف معیار نمره  کلی رعایت احتیاطات استاندارد 0.47±1.95(از حداکثر نمره 3) بود. بیش از 96 درصد واکسیناسیون کامل هپاتیت B و  76.8درصد از افراد با واکسیناسیون کامل، اندازه گیری سطح انتی بادی  را  انجام داده بودند .وضعیت رعایت احتیاطات استاندارد  در 51.4 درصداز افراد مورد مطالعه  نامطلوب بود. آنالیز رگرسیون لوجستیک نشان داد که مواجهه با خون و مایعات(OR=1.75, 95%CI:1.12-1.85 ) و گروه سنی (OR=1.75, 95%CI:1.12-1.85)  متغیرهای پیشگویی کننده وضعیت رعایت احتیاطات استاندارد بودند.
نتیجه گیری: این مطالعه نشان داد وضعیت رعایت احتیاطات استاندارد در کادرپرستاری مطلوب نمی باشد. بنابراین باید مداخلات  مدیریتی و آموزشی جهت ارتقای  این وضعیت طراحی  و اجرا شوند
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Study on primary prevention of blood borne pathogens among nursing staff of teaching hospitals of Kerman University of Medical Sciences

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Khalooei
  • Saleh Khalooei

چکیده [English]

Introduction
Primary prevention is the most important and effective way to prevent blood borne pathogens in the health care workers. This study was carried out to evaluate primary prevention in nursing staff of three teaching hospitals of Kerman University of Medical Sciences.
Materials and methods
This is a cross-sectional study among nursing staff of three teaching hospitals. Data were collected by a questionnaire with proper reliability and validity.
Results
Out of the 397 the nursing staff, 86.9% (n=344) were female .Most frequency of full compliance with standard precautions )SPs( were related to wearing gloves before touching mucous membranes or non intact skin of patients (64.8%), wearing gloves before touching with blood and body fluids (59.6%) and putting the used needle and syringe in the safety box (56.4%). More than ninety six percent (96.2%) of the nursing staff had received complete hepatitis B vaccination and 76.8% of the staff with full vaccination had been tested for level of hepatitis B surface antibody. Mean and standard deviation total score of compliance with SPs were 1.95±0.47 (out of 3). Status of compliance with SPs in 51.4% of the staff was unfavorable. Logistic regression analysis showed that exposure to blood and body fluids (OR=2.16, 95%CI: 1.29-3.78) and age group (OR=1.75, 95%CI: 1.12-2.85) were the predictor variables for status of compliance with SPs.
Conclusion
This study showed that the status compliance with universal precautions is not favorable in the nurses. So, proper managerial and educational intervention should be designed for promoting this condition.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • primary prevention
  • standard precaution
  • blood borne diseases
  • hand hygiene
  • Vaccination
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