وضعیت شناختی افراد فعال و غیرفعال پس از بیماری کووید-19

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، واحد شوشتر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شوشتر، ایران.
2 گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، واحد بین المللی اروند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، آبادان، ایران.
3 گروه رفتار حرکتی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی و تندرستی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
مقدمه: همه گیری کووید-19 بر وضعیت شناختی افراد تأثیرگذار است. هدف این مطالعه بررسی وضعیت شناختی افراد فعال و غیرفعال پس از بیماری کووید-19 بود.
روش کار: راهبرد تحقیق توصیفی-مقطعی از نوع علی-مقایسه ای بود. جامعه آماری افراد فعال و غیرفعال شهرستان شوشتر بودند که به بیماری کووید-19 مبتلا شده بود و از بین آن‌ها240 نفر به روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس انتخاب و به 4 گروه فعال مبتلا نشده به کووید-19، غیرفعال مبتلا نشده به کووید-19، فعال بهبودیافته از کووید-19 و غیرفعال بهبودیافته از کووید-19 تقسیم شدند. برای جمع‌آوری اطلاعات از فرم کوتاه پرسشنامه فعالیت بدنی(IPAQ-SF)، آزمون حافظه وکسلر(WMS-III) و آزمون عملکرد پیوسته کانرز استفاده شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها از طریق تحلیل واریانس چندمتغیری با نرم‌افزار SPSS نسخه 26 و در سطح معنی‌داری 0/05 انجام شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج تحلیل واریانس چندمتغیری نشان داد افرادی که به کووید-19 مبتلا شده بودند در مقایسه با افراد غیر مبتلا به کووید، در آزمون عملکرد حافظه (0/05>P) و آزمون نگهداشت توجه (0/05>P) عملکرد ضعیف‌تری داشتند. همچنین افراد فعال نسبت به همتایان غیرفعال در آزمون عملکرد حافظه (0/05>P) و آزمون نگهداشت توجه (0/05>P) عملکرد بهتری داشتند.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج نشان داد که بیماری کووید-19 بر افت عملکرد شناختی در دوران پساکووید اثرگذار است. همچنین سطح فعالیت بدنی بر عملکرد شناختی اثرات مثبتی دارد و سطح فعالیت بدنی قبلی می‌تواند عوارض شناختی ناشی از کووید-19 را کاهش دهد. بنابراین پیشنهاد می شود ورزش و فعالیت‌بدنی به عنوان یک روش غیردارویی در جهت بهبود حافظه و نگهداشت توجه به کار گرفته شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

The cognitive status of active and inactive individuals after COVID-19.

نویسندگان English

Anita Nematolahzadeh 1
Farzad Mohammadi 2
Fatemeh Adelimenesh 3
1 Department of Physical Education & Sport Science, shoushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, shoushtar, Iran.
2 Department of Physical Education & Sport Science, Arv.C., Islamic Azad University, Abadan, Iran.
3 Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده English

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic affects the cognitive status of individuals. The aim of study was to investigate the cognitive status of active and inactive individuals after COVID-19.
Materials and Methods: The research strategy was a descriptive-cross-sectional causal-comparative type. The statistical population was active and inactive individuals in Shushtar city who had been infected with COVID-19, and 240 of them were selected by convenience sampling method and divided into 4 groups: active not infected with COVID-19, inactive not infected with COVID-19, active recovered from COVID-19, and inactive recovered from COVID-19. To collect data, the short form of the Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-SF), the Wechsler Memory Test (WMS-III), and the Connors Continuous Performance Test were used. Data analysis was performed through multivariate analysis of variance with SPSS version 26 software at a significance level of 0.05.
Results: The results of multivariate analysis of variance showed that people who were infected with COVID-19 performed worse in the memory performance test(P<0.05) and the Sustained attention test(P<0.05) compared to people who were not infected with COVID-19. Active people also performed better than inactive counterparts in the memory performance test(P<0.05) and the Sustained attention test(P<0.05).
Conclusion: The results showed that COVID-19 affects cognitive decline in the post-COVID period. Also, the level of physical activity has positive effects on cognitive performance, and the previous level of physical activity can reduce cognitive complications caused by COVID-19. Therefore, it is suggested that exercise and physical activity be used as a non-pharmacological method to improve memory and Sustained attention.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

COVID-19
memory
attention
sedentary behavior
healthy lifestyle
References
1. Toresdahl BG, Asif IM. Coronavirus disease 2019
(COVID-19): considerations for the competitive
athlete. SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles,
CA; Sports Health. 2020. p. 221-4.
2. Wu H, Zhu H, Yuan C, Yao C, Luo W, Shen X, et
al. Clinical and immune features of hospitalized
pediatric patients with coronavirus disease 2019
(COVID-19) in Wuhan, China. JAMA Netw Open.
2020;3(6):e2010895-e.
3. Nalbandian A, Sehgal K, Gupta A, Madhavan MV,
McGroder C, Stevens JS, et al. Post-acute COVID-19
syndrome. Nat Med. 2021;27(4):601-15.
4. Carfì A, Bernabei R, Landi F. Persistent symptoms
in patients after acute COVID-19. JAMA.
2020;324(6):603-5.
5. Soriano JB, Murthy S, Marshall JC, Relan P, Diaz
JV. A clinical case definition of post-COVID-19
condition by a Delphi consensus. Lancet Infect Dis.
2022;22(4):e102-e7.
6. Almeria M, Cejudo JC, Sotoca J, Deus J, Krupinski
J. Cognitive profile following COVID-19 infection:
Clinical predictors leading to neuropsychological
impairment. Brain Behav Immun Health.
2020;9:100163.
7. Woo MS, Malsy J, Pöttgen J, Seddiq Zai S, Ufer F,
Hadjilaou A, et al. Frequent neurocognitive deficits
after recovery from mild COVID-19. Brain
Commun. 2020;2(2):fcaa205.
8. Wang S, Yang Y, Xing W, Chen J, Liu C, Luo X.
Altered neural circuits related to sustained attention
and executive control in children with ADHD: an
event-related fMRI study. Clin Neurophysiol.
2013;124(11):2181-90.
9. Mosher MA, Carreon AC, Craig SL, Ruhter LC.
Immersive technology to teach social skills to
students with autism spectrum disorder: A literature
review. Rev J Autism Dev Dis. 2022;9(3):334-50.
10. Chen H, Liang Q, Wang B, Liu H, Dong G, Li K.
Sports game intervention aids executive function
enhancement in children with autism-An fNIRS
study. Neurosci Lett. 2024;822:137647.
11. Batty GD, Deary IJ, Luciano M, Altschul DM,
Kivimäki M, Gale CR. Psychosocial factors and
hospitalisations for COVID-19: Prospective cohort
study based on a community sample. Brain Behav
Immun. 2020;89:569-78.
12. Damiano RF, Caruso MJG, Cincoto AV, de
Almeida Rocca CC, de Pádua Serafim A, Bacchi P,
et al. Post-COVID-19 psychiatric and cognitive
morbidity: Preliminary findings from a Brazilian
cohort study. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2022;75:38-45.
13. Mcloughlin BC, Miles A, Webb TE, Knopp P,
Eyres C, Fabbri A, et al. Functional and cognitive
outcomes after COVID-19 delirium. Eur Geriatr
Med. 2020;11(5):857-62.
14. Alemanno F, Houdayer E, Parma A, Spina A, Del
Forno A, Scatolini A, et al. COVID-19 cognitive
deficits after respiratory assistance in the subacute
phase: A COVID-rehabilitation unit experience.
PLoS One. 2021;16(2):e0246590.
15. Crivelli L, Palmer K, Calandri I, Guekht A, Beghi
E, Carroll W, et al. Changes in cognitive functioning
after COVID‐19: A systematic review and meta‐
analysis. Alzheimers Dement. 2022;18(5):1047-66.
16. Allen TY, Absar NM. Long-term neuropsychiatric
complications and 18F-FDG-PET hypometabolism in
the brain from prolonged infection of COVID-19.
Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2022;36(2):173-5.
17. Daroische R, Hemminghyth MS, Eilertsen TH,
Breitve MH, Chwiszczuk LJ. Cognitive impairment
after COVID-19—a review on objective test data.
Front Neurol. 2021;12:699582.
18. Humphreys H, Kilby L, Kudiersky N, Copeland R.
Long COVID and the role of physical activity: a
qualitative study. BMJ Open. 2021;11(3):e047632.
19. Jaywant A, Gunning FM, Oberlin LE, Santillana
M, Ognyanova K, Druckman JN, et al. Cognitive
symptoms of post–COVID-19 condition and daily
functioning. JAMA Netw Open.
2024;7(2):e2356098-e.
20. Keijsers K, Broeders M, Baptista Lopes V, Klinkert
A, van Baar J, Nahar‐van Venrooij L, et al. Memory
impairment and concentration problems in COVID‐
19 survivors 8 weeks after non‐ICU hospitalization:
A retrospective cohort study. J Med Virol.
2022;94(9):4512-7.
21. Group RC. Dexamethasone in hospitalized patients
with Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(8):693-704.
22. Grundeis F, Ansems K, Dahms K, Thieme V,
Metzendorf M-I, Skoetz N, et al. Remdesivir for the
treatment of COVID‐19. Cochrane Database Syst
Rev. 2023;2023(1):CD014962.
23. Chen X, Yang Q, Liu Z. The impact of physical
activities on cognitive function among older adult
populations: evidence from China. Front Public
Health. 2025;13:1562747.
24. Jehu DA, Pottayil F, Dong Y, Zhu H, Sams R,
Young L. Exploring the association between physical
activity and cognitive function among people living
with dementia. J Alzheimers Dis. 2025;105(4):1037-
46.
25. Liu H, Shi Y, Yu M, Guo X, Ruan Y, Qin F, et al.
Individual and joint associations between sleep
duration and physical activity with cognitive
function: A longitudinal analysis among middle‐aged
and older adults in China. Alzheimers Dement.
2025;21(1):e14212.
26. Lee PH, Macfarlane DJ, Lam TH, Stewart SM.
Validity of the international physical activity
questionnaire short form (IPAQ-SF): A systematic
review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2011;8(1):115.
27. Moghaddam MB, Aghdam FB, Jafarabadi MA,
Allahverdipour H, Nikookheslat SD, Safarpour S.
The Iranian Version of International Physical
Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) in Iran: content and
construct validity, factor structure, internal
consistency and stability. World Appl Sci J.
2012;18(8):1073-80.
28.Hadianfard H, Najarian B, Shokrkon H,
MEHRABIZADEH HM. Construction and validation
of the Farsi version of The Continuous Performance
Test. J Psychol. 2001.
29. BIGDELI I, Nazemi H. Short-term memory
activity in schizophrenic patients. Int J Behav Sci.
2009.
30. Jalilvand M. The effect of web-based aerobic
exercise on working memory in older women: the
importance of being active in the covid-19 pandemic
period. Neurosci J Shefaye Khatam. 2021;9(3):36-44.
31. Lu Y, Li X, Geng D, Mei N, Wu P-Y, Huang C-C,
et al. Cerebral micro-structural changes in COVID-
19 patients–an MRI-based 3-month follow-up study.
EClinical Medicine. 2020;25.
32. Fernández-Castañeda A, Lu P, Geraghty AC, Song
E, Lee M-H, Wood J, et al. Mild respiratory COVID
can cause multi-lineage neural cell and myelin
dysregulation. Cell. 2022;185(14):2452-68. e16.
33. Sedigh H, Niusha B. The effect of Hatha yoga
exercises training on executive functions (attention,
concentration and working memory) of students with
writing disorders. Middle East J Disabil Studies.
2017;7:54.
34. Reinecke A, Rinck M, Becker ES. How preferential
is the preferential encoding of threatening stimuli?:
Working memory biases in specific anxiety and the
Attentional Blink. J Anxiety Disord. 2008;22(4):655-
70.
35. Rodrigues M, Costa AJ, Santos R, Diogo P,
Gonçalves E, Barroso D, et al. Inpatient
rehabilitation can improve functional outcomes of
post-intensive care unit COVID-19 patients—a
prospective study. Disabil Rehabil. 2023;45(2):266-
76.
36. Haapala EA. Cardiorespiratory fitness and motor
skills in relation to cognition and academic
performance in children–a review. J Hum Kinet.
2013;36(1):55-68.