بررسی ارتباط ترکیب خانوار و مصرف گروه‎‎های غذایی و شاخص غنای مواد غذایی در ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 گروه تغذیه، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.
2 گروه تغذیه جامعه، دانشکده علوم تغذیه و رژیم شناسی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
مقدمه: ترکیب اعضای خانوار، مانند وجود کودکان می‌تواند بر الگوهای مصرف غذایی تأثیر بگذارد. همچنین، شرایط اقتصادی خانوار مانند درآمد نیز نقش مهمی در تعیین کیفیت رژیم غذایی ایفا می‌کند. این مطالعه به بررسی ارتباط ترکیب اعضای خانوار و مصرف گروه‌های غذایی و شاخص غنای مواد غذایی می‎پردازد.

روش کار: مطالعه مقطعی حاضر از داده‌های ملی هزینه‌ خوراکی خانوارهای شهری ایرانی در سال‌های 1399 تا 1401 با حجم نمونه 54292 خانوار استفاده کرد. ابزارها شامل شاخص‎های غنای مواد غذایی و کیفیت رژیم غذایی بودند. برای تجزیه و تحلیل‌ها از نرم‌افزار SPSS و آزمون‌های آماری (تی مستقل، من‌ویتنی، کای‌دو و رگرسیون) بهره گرفته شد. مطالعه در دو فاز؛ اول، جمع‌آوری داده‌ها، دوم؛ بررسی ارتباط ترکیب اعضای خانوار و مصرف گروه‌های غذایی و کیفیت رژیم غذایی انجام شد.

یافته ها: در این تحقیق اطلاعات غذایی مربوط به ۵۴۲۹۲ خانوار با میانگین سنی 69/16±33/38 سال تحلیل شد. نتایج نشان داد که طبقات بالاتر اقتصادی مصرف روزانه میوه‌ها (60/191±86/223 گرم، 001/0>p) و لبنیات (87/145±00/182 گرم، 001/0>p) بیشتری داشتند. با افزایش سن خانوار، مصرف برحسب کالری سبزی‎ها افزایش و چربی‌ها و قندها کاهش یافت (001/0>p). همچنین، مصرف گروه‌های غذایی سالم با شاخص غنای مواد غذایی (30/2±70/26، 001/0>p) و شاخص کیفیت رژیم غذایی (94/7±15/70، 001/0>p) رابطه مثبت داشت.

نتیجه‌گیری: الگوهای مصرف غذایی در ایران تحت تأثیر عوامل اقتصادی-اجتماعی و ترکیب خانوار قرار دارد. به‌طور خاص، افزایش سن و درآمد در خانوار، با افزایش مصرف گروه‌های غذایی مغذی و کاهش مصرف گروه‌های غذایی ناسالم مرتبط است. لذا لازم است در سیاست‌گذاری‌های تغذیه‌ای به این تفاوت‌ها توجه شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Examining the Relationship Between Household Composition and Consumption of Food Groups and Nutrient Rich Food Index in Iran

نویسندگان English

Maryam Mohammadzadeh 1
Kiyavash Irankhah 1
Seyyed Reza Sobhani 2
1 Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
2 Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده English

Introduction: Household member composition, such as the presence of children, can influence food consumption patterns. In addition, household economic conditions, such as income, play an important role in determining diet quality. This study examines the relationship between household composition, food group consumption, and the Nutrient Rich Food Index.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study used national data on food expenditure of urban Iranian households from 2020 to 2022, with a sample of 54,292 households. The tools included the Nutrient Rich Food Index and the Diet Quality Index. For data analysis, SPSS software and statistical tests (independent t-test, Mann–Whitney, chi-square, and regression) were used. The study was conducted in two phases: first, data collection; second, investigation of the relationship between household composition, food group consumption, and diet quality.
Results: In this study, dietary data from 54,292 households with mean age of 38.33±16.69 years were analyzed. Results showed that households in higher economic classes consumed more fruits (223.86±191.60 g, p<0.001) and dairy (182.00±145.87 g, p<0.001). With increasing household age, calorie intake from vegetables increased, while that from fats and sugars decreased (p<0.001). Also, consumption of healthy food groups was positively associated with the Nutrient Rich Food Index (26.70±2.30, p<0.001) and the Diet Quality Index (70.15±7.94, p<0.001).
Conclusion: Dietary patterns in Iran are influenced by socioeconomic factors and household composition. Specifically, higher age and income levels are associated with greater consumption of nutrient-dense foods and lower intake of unhealthy foods. Therefore, it is essential to consider these differences in nutritional policy making.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Dietary intake
caloric intake
Nutrient Rich Food index
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