1. World Health Organization (WHO). WHO Manual
for the Laboratory Examination and Processing of
Human Semen. 6th ed. WHO press: Geneva
Switzerland. 2021.
2. Colasante A, Minasi MG, Scarselli F, Casciani V,
Zazzaro V, Ruberti A, et al. The aging male:
relationship between male age, sperm quality and
sperm DNA damage in an unselected population of
3124 men attending the fertility centre for the first
time. Arch Ital Urol Androl 2018; 90 (4): 254-9.
3. Zhou D, Hao J, Guo K, Lu C, Liu X. Sperm quality
and DNA damage in men from Jilin Province, China,
who are occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation.
Genet Mol Res 2016; 15 (1): 1-7.
4. Panner Selvam MK, Ambar RF, Agarwal A, Henkel
R. Etiologies of sperm DNA damage and its impact on
male infertility. Andrologia 2021; 53 (1): e13706
5. Akhavizadegan H, Yamini N, Musavi AM, Moradi
M, Khatami F. Sperm DNA Fragmentation Index in
Abortion or in Vitro Fertilization Failure in Presence
of Normal Semen Analysis. Prague Med Rep 2023;
124 (2): 166-71.
6. Zheng WW, Song G, Wang QL, Liu SW, Zhu XL,
Deng SM, et al. Sperm DNA damage has a negative
effect on early embryonic development following in
vitro fertilization. Asian J Androl 2018; 20 (1): 75–9 .
7. Chen L, Fang J, Jiang W, Wang J, Li D. Effects of the
sperm DNA fragmentation index on the clinical and
neonatal outcomes of intracytoplasmic sperm
injection cycles. J Ovarian Res 2020; 13: 52.
8. Malić Vončina S, Stenqvist A, Bungum M, Schyman
T, Giwercman A. Sperm DNA fragmentation index
and cumulative live birth rate in a cohort of 2,713
couples undergoing assisted reproduction treatment.
Fertil Steril 2021; 116: 1483–90.
9. Okubo T, Onda N, Hayashi T, Kobayashi T, Omi K,
Segawa T. Performing a sperm DNA fragmentation
test in addition to semen examination based on the
WHO criteria can be a more accurate diagnosis of IVF
outcomes. BMC Urol 2023; 23: 78.
10. Sun TC, Zhang Y, Li HT, Liu XM, Yi DX, Tian L,
et al. Sperm DNA fragmentation index, as measured
by sperm chromatin dispersion, might not predict
assisted reproductive outcome. Taiwan J Obstet
Gynecol 2018; 57(4): 493–8.
11. Liu K, Mao X, Pan F, Chen Y, An R. Correlation
analysis of sperm DNA fragmentation index with
semen parameters and the effect of sperm DFI on
outcomes of ART. Sci Rep 2023; 13 (1): 2717.
12. Rex A.S, Wu C, Aagaard J, Fedder J. DNA
Fragmentation in Human Spermatozoa and Pregnancy
Rates after Intrauterine Insemination. Should the DFI
Threshold Be Lowered? J. Clin. Med 2021; 10: 1310.
13. Beigi SAD, Khalili MA, Nabi A, Hosseini M,
Sarcheshmeh AA, Sabour M. Prolonged semen
incubation alters the biological characteristics of
human spermatozoa. Clin Exp Reprod Med 2022; 49
(4): 270-6.
14. Nematollahi S, Mehdizadeh M, Hosseini S,
Kashanian M, Amjadi FS, Salehi M. DNA integrity
and methylation changes of mouse spermatozoa
following prolonged incubation. Andrologia 2019;
51:e13276.
15. Towfigh Hasabi S, Razavi S, Mardani M, Nasr
Esfahani M.H. Investigating the effectiveness of two
density gradient methods (Percoll, Sill-Select) in the
separation of bachromatin and normal morphology
sperms and the effect of these parameters on
fertilization, cleavage coefficient and embryo quality.
Cell J (Yakhteh 2002; 4(15). 133-40.
16. Wang Q, Gu X, Chen Y, Yu M, Peng L, Zhong S, et
al. The effect of sperm DNA fragmentation on in vitro
fertilization outcomes of unexplained infertility.
Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2023; 78: 100261.
17. Campos LGA, Requejo LC, Miñano CAR, Orrego
JD, Loyaga EC, Cornejo LG. Correlation between
sperm DNA fragmentation index and semen
parameters in 418 men seen at a fertility center. JBRA
Assist Reprod 2021; 25 (3): 349-57.
18. Agarwal A, Sharma R, Gupta S, Finelli R, Parekh N,
Panner Selvam MK, et al. Sperm morphology
assessment in the era of intracytoplasmic sperm
injection: reliable results require focus on
standardization, quality control, and training. World J
Mens Health 2021; 40:347–60.
19. Del Giudice F, Belladelli F, Chen T, Glover F,
Mulloy EA, Kasman AM, et al. The association of
impaired semen quality and pregnancy rates in
assisted reproduction technology cycles: Systematic
review and meta-analysis. Andrologia 2022; 54:
e14409.
20. Nie H, Tang Y, Qin W. Beyond acephalic
spermatozoa: the complexity of intracytoplasmic
sperm injection outcomes. Biomed Res Int 2020;
6279795
21. Majzoub A, Arafa M, El Ansari W, Mahdi1 M,
Agarwal A, Al-Said S, Elbardisi H. Correlation of
oxidation reduction potential and total motile sperm
count: it’s utility in the evaluation of male fertility
potential. Asian J Androl 2019; 22: 317–22.
22. Deng C, Li T, Xie Y, Guo Y, Yang QY, Liang X, et
al. Sperm DNA fragmentation index influences
assisted reproductive technology outcome: Asystematic review and meta-analysis combined with a
retrospective cohort study. Andrologia 2019; 51(6):
e13263.
23. Ribas-Maynou J, Yeste M, Becerra-Tomas N, Aston
K.I, James E.R, Salas-Huetos A. Clinical implications
of sperm DNA damage in IVF and ICSI: updated
systematic review and meta-analysis. Biol Rev Camb
Philos Soc 2021; 96 (4): 1284–300.
24. Antonouli S, Papatheodorou A, Panagiotidis Y,
Petousis S, Prapas N, Nottola SA, et al. The impact of
sperm DNA fragmentation on ICSI outcome in cases
of donated oocytes. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2019; 300
(1): 207–15.
25. Zheng WW, Song G, Wang QL, Liu SW, Zhu XL,
Deng SM, et al. Sperm DNA damage has a negative
effect on early embryonic development following in
vitro fertilization. Asian J Androl 2018; 20 (1): 75-9
26. Tesarik J, Greco E, Mendoza C. Late, but not early,
paternal effect on human embryo development is
related to sperm DNA fragmentation. Hum Reprod
2004; 19 (3): 611–5.
27. Agarwal A, Panner Selvam MK, Baskaran S, Cho
CL. Sperm DNA damage and its impact on male
reproductive health: a critical review for clinicians,
reproductive professionals and researchers. Expert
Rev Mol Diagn 2019; 19 (6): 443–57.
28. Zhang Z, Yu C, Chu Z, Heng BC, Tong G, Xia Y.
The number of retrieved oocytes is correlated to sperm
DNA fragmentation when predicting pregnancy
outcomes. Am J Transl Res 2023; 15 (5): 3759-65.
29. Guo LY, Zhou H, Liu M, Li Q, Sun XF. Male age is
more critical to sperm DNA integrity than routine
semen parameters in Chinese infertile males.
Andrologia 2020; 52: e13449.
30. Kawamura K, Ishizuka B, Hsueh AJM. Drug-free invitro activation of follicles for infertility treatment in
poor ovarian response patients with decreased ovarian
reserve. Reprod Biomed Online 2020; 40: 245–53.
31. Ješeta M, Myšková M, Žáková J, Crha I, Crha K,
Chmelikova E, et al. Can oocytes repair fragmented
DNA of spermatozoa? Med J Cell Biol 2020; 8 (2):
73-7.
مجله علوم پزشکی پارس