The Nursing Process for an Adolescent with Cystic Fibrosis Based on King’s Goal Attainment Model: A Case Report

Abstract
Introduction: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a chronic genetic disease requiring continuous care and active participation of patients and families. Nursing theories can help organize and improve complex care processes.
Objective: This case study examined the application and effectiveness of King’s Goal Attainment Model in the nursing care of a 12-year-old adolescent with CF.Methodology: A mixed-methods case study was conducted using King’s Theory of Goal Attainment and the Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS) model, scored from −2 to +2. Data were collected through chart review, interviews, and standard instruments, including the RCMAS, CF self-care questionnaire, cough checklist, and respiratory awareness test. Outcomes were assessed at discharge, one week after discharge, and three months later.
Findings: Twenty-four mutual goals were identified between the nurse, patient, and family. Marked improvement was observed across outcomes: self-care increased from 0% to 95% (GAS: +1), daily coughing decreased from 20–30 to 10–15 episodes (GAS: +2), weight increased from 30 to 32.5 kg (GAS: +2), anxiety decreased from severe to mild (GAS: +2), respiratory awareness improved (GAS: +2), adherence to physiotherapy increased from 20% to 90% (GAS: +1), and no rehospitalization occurred (GAS: +2).
Conclusion: King’s Goal Attainment Model proved to be a measurable and effective framework for improving clinical and behavioral outcomes in an adolescent with CF. It enhanced self-management, reduced symptoms, and strengthened patient participation. Further large-scale studies are recommended.