Comparison between effects of resistance and endurance exercise training on somatic and affective symptoms of premenstrual syndrome

Authors
HassavAli Abedi
Asgar Nikseresht
Fahimeh Tashakoreyan
10.29252/jmj.12.3.9
Abstract
Introduction: Given the high prevalence and negative economic, social and educational consequences of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), it is essential to find an easy and inexpensive way to treat or reduce the symptoms of it. Several studies have shown that exercise can be effective in the treatment of PMS. Because so far no study has compared the effects of resistance and endurance exercise training on somatic and affective symptoms of PMS, the main objective of this study was to compare the effects of eight weeks resistance or endurance exercise training on PMS. Materials and Methods: A clinical trial (before and after) was performed on 30 patients with this syndrome were randomly divided into three groups: resistance, endurance exercise and control. Somatic and affective symptoms of PMS were evaluated before and after protocols by PMS questionnaire. Duration of the protocol was eight weeks. Descriptive statistics and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) followed by the LSD post hoc test (p≤0.05) were used for data analyses. Results: Before starting the protocol, age, height, social and affective symptoms were not different between participants. Compared with the control group, eight weeks of resistance training or endurance training, could significantly reduce social and affective symptoms of PMS. Conclusion: Exercise training could improve PMS symptoms and there were no significant difference between resistance and endurance training. Introduction: Given the high prevalence and negative economic, social and educational consequences of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), it is essential to find an easy and inexpensive way to treat or reduce the symptoms of it. Several studies have shown that exercise can be effective in the treatment of PMS. Because so far no study has compared the effects of resistance and endurance exercise training on somatic and affective symptoms of PMS, the main objective of this study was to compare the effects of eight weeks resistance or endurance exercise training on PMS. Materials and Methods: A clinical trial (before and after) was performed on 30 patients with this syndrome were randomly divided into three groups: resistance, endurance exercise and control. Somatic and affective symptoms of PMS were evaluated before and after protocols by PMS questionnaire. Duration of the protocol was eight weeks. Descriptive statistics and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) followed by the LSD post hoc test (p≤0.05) were used for data analyses. Results: Before starting the protocol, age, height, social and affective symptoms were not different between participants. Compared with the control group, eight weeks of resistance training or endurance training, could significantly reduce social and affective symptoms of PMS. Conclusion: Exercise training could improve PMS symptoms and there were no significant difference between resistance and endurance training.
Keywords
Premenstrual syndrome
Questionnaire
resistance training
Endurance Training
1. Nazari H, Yari F, Jariani M, Marzban A, Birgandy M. Premenstrual syndrome: a single-blind study of treatment with buspirone versus fluoxetine. Arch gynecol obstet 2013;287(3):469-72. 2. Dickerson LM, Mazyck PJ, Hunter MH. Premenstrual syndrome. American fam physician 2003;67(8):1743-52. 3. Kim SY, Park HJ, Lee H, Lee H. Acupuncture for premenstrual syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BJOG: an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology 2011;118(8):899-915. 4. Allais G, Castagnoli Gabellari I, Burzio C, Rolando S, De Lorenzo C, Mana O, et al. Premenstrual syndrome and migraine. Neurol sci: official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology. 2012;33 Suppl 1:S111-5. 5. Aghazadeh NA, Tamjidi A, Vallaei N. Epidemiologic study of premenstrual syndrome in 15-45 years old women in Tehran during the year 1995. Pejouhandeh Q Res J 1996;1(2):53-61. 6. Kaur G, Gonsalves L, Thacker HL. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder: a review for the treating practitioner. Clev Clinic j Med 2004;71(4):303-21. 7. Samadi Z, Taghian F, Valiani M. The effects of 8 weeks of regular aerobic exercise on the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome in non-athlete girls. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res 2013;18(1):14-9. 8. Ghanbari Z, Dehghan Manshavi F, Jafarabadi M. The Effect of Three Months Regular Aerobic Exercise on Premenstrual Syndrome. J Fam Reprod Health 2008;2(4):167-71. 9. Khalatbari J, Salimynezhad S. The Effect of Relaxation on Premenstrual Syndrome in Dormitory Students of Azad Tonekabon University of Iran. Procedia - Socl Behav Sci 2013;84(0):1580-4. 10. Mosallanejad Z, Gaeini Abbas Ali, Mosallanejad Leila. The effect of continuous aerobic exercise on premenstrual syndrome: a randomized clinical trial. Tehran Univ Med J 2008;65(13):49-53. 11. Wilmore JH, Costill DL, Kenney WL. Chapter 9: Principles of Exercise Training. Physiol Sport Exerc.United state: Human Kinetics; 2008. 12. Safavi naeini Kh. Comparison between aerobic and physical exercises effects on PMS of women in Shiraz. Med Sci J Islamic Azad Univers, Tehran Med Unite 2008;18(3):177-80. 13. Mohammadi V, Shidfar F, Keshtkar Aghababaee S, Parisa Mokhtari, Mohammadi R, Gohari MR. The relationship of anthropometric indices with PMS and it’s severity in female students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Razi J of Med Sci 2013;20(109):87-94. 14. Cirillo PC, Passos RB, Bevilaqua MC, Lopez JR, Nardi AE. Bipolar disorder and Premenstrual Syndrome or Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder comorbidity: a systematic review. Rev Bras de psiquiatria 2012;34(4):467-79. 15. Steege JF, Blumenthal JA. The effects of aerobic exercise on premenstrual symptoms in middle-aged women: a preliminary study. J Psychosomatic Res 1993;37(2):127-33. 16. Ugarriza DN, Klingner S, O'Brien S. Premenstrual syndrome: diagnosis and intervention. Nurs pract 1998;23(9):40, 5, 9-52. 17. Izzo A, Labriola D. Dysmenorrhoea and sports activities in adolescents. Clinical Experimental obstet gynecol 1991;18(2):109-16. 18. Biggs WS, Demuth RH. Premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. American fam physician 2011;84(8):918-24. 19. Prior JC, Vigna Y. Conditioning exercise and premenstrual symptoms. J reproductive Med 1987;32(6):423-8. 20. Scully D, Kremer J, Meade MM, Graham R, Dudgeon K. Physical exercise and psychological well being: a critical review. British j sports Med 1998;32(2):111-20. 21. Barnhart KT, Freeman EW, Sondheimer SJ. A clinician's guide to the premenstrual syndrome. Med Clinics North America 1995;79(6):1457-72.