Jahrom University of Medical SciencesPars Journal of Medical Sciences2717-02848220100622The efficacy of PCR for early diagnosis and detection of asymptomatic cases of visceral leishmaniasis in human and dogThe efficacy of PCR for early diagnosis and detection of asymptomatic cases of visceral leishmaniasis in human and dog1770023210.29252/jmj.8.2.1FAMehdiFakharMohammadHossinMotazedianQasemAsgariMohsenKalantariGolamRezaHatamMohsenAliAkbarpoorMohamadAliGharachahiJournal Article20221225Abstract
Introduction:
This study was conducted to detect asymptomatic cases of visceral leishmaniasis in human and dog, using PCR and serology methods in Darab, Fars Province.
Material and Methods:
In this descriptive cross-sectional survey, blood samples were randomly collected from all children aged 10 years old; 10% of the adults and 20% of the dog owners were investigated. To determine the prevalence of infection rate of VL, direct agglutination tests (DAT) and PCR-based assays were applied. In addition, to identify the species of the parasite, the species-specific PCR on blood samples was used.
Results:
Of the 376 subjects investigated, 355 were children 10 years old and 21 subjects were adults. Overall, 5 (1.33%) subjects (2 males and 3 females) were found seropositive; they were aged 2-5 years. Of 23 dog samples, one case (4.3%) showed specific Leishmania antibodies equal to 1: 320 titer. Also, overall, 32 (8.5%) subjects and five dogs (21.7%) were found PCR-positive in the Leishmania KDNA- specific PCR and L.infantum was detected in all the samples.
Conclusion:
The results showed that PCR on blood with RV1 and RV2 primers is a valuable method for early diagnosis of VL in human and detection of asymptomatic cases especially in endemic regions.Abstract
Introduction:
This study was conducted to detect asymptomatic cases of visceral leishmaniasis in human and dog, using PCR and serology methods in Darab, Fars Province.
Material and Methods:
In this descriptive cross-sectional survey, blood samples were randomly collected from all children aged 10 years old; 10% of the adults and 20% of the dog owners were investigated. To determine the prevalence of infection rate of VL, direct agglutination tests (DAT) and PCR-based assays were applied. In addition, to identify the species of the parasite, the species-specific PCR on blood samples was used.
Results:
Of the 376 subjects investigated, 355 were children 10 years old and 21 subjects were adults. Overall, 5 (1.33%) subjects (2 males and 3 females) were found seropositive; they were aged 2-5 years. Of 23 dog samples, one case (4.3%) showed specific Leishmania antibodies equal to 1: 320 titer. Also, overall, 32 (8.5%) subjects and five dogs (21.7%) were found PCR-positive in the Leishmania KDNA- specific PCR and L.infantum was detected in all the samples.
Conclusion:
The results showed that PCR on blood with RV1 and RV2 primers is a valuable method for early diagnosis of VL in human and detection of asymptomatic cases especially in endemic regions.https://jmj.jums.ac.ir/article_700232_6fd059431ddc9126a959d1658555d236.pdfJahrom University of Medical SciencesPars Journal of Medical Sciences2717-02848220100622The evaluation of minerals intake in Rasht and QazvinThe evaluation of minerals intake in Rasht and Qazvin81470023310.29252/jmj.8.2.8FANasrinAgheliFarahnazJoukarJournal Article20221225Introduction:
Minerals are a large class of micronutrients, most of which are considered essential for metabolism. Deficiency in such materials leads to serious disorders.
The objective of this study is evaluation of potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorous, iron and zinc intakes in Rasht and Qazvin.
Material and Methods:
This cross-sectional study was performed in two areas of Rasht and Qazvin in 2003 on 1100 people. Dietary assessment was performed. Chi-square-test was used for statistical analysis. Results:
More than ¾ of people in these areas receive adequate potassium (2000 to 4000mg/d). The calcium and magnesium intakes are not taken adequately especially by women in Rasht. Phosphorous is taken enough in all people (³800 mg). In Rasht, only 4.2% and in Qazvin 9.9% of women receive adequate quantities of iron >20mg/d. Moreover, most of the people do not receive adequate quantities of zinc (less than 10 mg/d).
Conclusion:
Calcium, iron and zinc intakes are not adequate, particularly in women.Introduction:
Minerals are a large class of micronutrients, most of which are considered essential for metabolism. Deficiency in such materials leads to serious disorders.
The objective of this study is evaluation of potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorous, iron and zinc intakes in Rasht and Qazvin.
Material and Methods:
This cross-sectional study was performed in two areas of Rasht and Qazvin in 2003 on 1100 people. Dietary assessment was performed. Chi-square-test was used for statistical analysis. Results:
More than ¾ of people in these areas receive adequate potassium (2000 to 4000mg/d). The calcium and magnesium intakes are not taken adequately especially by women in Rasht. Phosphorous is taken enough in all people (³800 mg). In Rasht, only 4.2% and in Qazvin 9.9% of women receive adequate quantities of iron >20mg/d. Moreover, most of the people do not receive adequate quantities of zinc (less than 10 mg/d).
Conclusion:
Calcium, iron and zinc intakes are not adequate, particularly in women.https://jmj.jums.ac.ir/article_700233_d6a8c608cb5f0c58ea008d37ed167ae2.pdfJahrom University of Medical SciencesPars Journal of Medical Sciences2717-02848220100622Determination of sand flies fauna in Shiraz, 2007Determination of sand flies fauna in Shiraz, 2007152070023410.29252/jmj.8.2.15FAMohamadRasoolianMohamadAliOshaghiParvinAfsar KazerooniAliMohammadShahijaniMohsenAliAkbarpoorJournal Article20221225Introudction:
Shiraz city is one of the most important foci of urban and rural cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran and no study has been carried out on sand flies fauna in this district. This study aimed to investigate and determine the probable vectors of the urban and rural cutaneous leishmaniasis in this district.
Materials and Methods:
In this descriptive study, the sand flies were collected by sticky trap in June, July and September 2007 in various areas of Shiraz city and the nearby villages. The preyed sand flies were identified by Nadim & Javadian key.
Results:
From 1322 collected sand flies, one sub-genus from Sergentomyia genus (Grassomyia spp) and 10 other species consisting of 3 species from Phlebotomus genus (P. papatasi, P. tobbi, P. sergenti) and 7 from Sergentomyia genus were identified. Out of them, P. papatasi in 8 regions, P. sergenti in 2 regions and S. sintoni in 1 region from 11 investigated regions were determined as predominant species.
Conclusion:
P. papatasi was predominant around Shiraz and nearby villages. This implies the existence of P. papatasi as the probable vector of rural cutaneous leishmaniasis. Moreover, P. sergenti was predominant in the urban areas of Shiraz city, revealing the existence of P. sergenti as the probable vector of urban cutaneous leishmaniasis in these regions. In order to determine the principal vectors of urban and rural cutaneous leishmaniasis, a molecular survey of vectors is required.Introudction:
Shiraz city is one of the most important foci of urban and rural cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran and no study has been carried out on sand flies fauna in this district. This study aimed to investigate and determine the probable vectors of the urban and rural cutaneous leishmaniasis in this district.
Materials and Methods:
In this descriptive study, the sand flies were collected by sticky trap in June, July and September 2007 in various areas of Shiraz city and the nearby villages. The preyed sand flies were identified by Nadim & Javadian key.
Results:
From 1322 collected sand flies, one sub-genus from Sergentomyia genus (Grassomyia spp) and 10 other species consisting of 3 species from Phlebotomus genus (P. papatasi, P. tobbi, P. sergenti) and 7 from Sergentomyia genus were identified. Out of them, P. papatasi in 8 regions, P. sergenti in 2 regions and S. sintoni in 1 region from 11 investigated regions were determined as predominant species.
Conclusion:
P. papatasi was predominant around Shiraz and nearby villages. This implies the existence of P. papatasi as the probable vector of rural cutaneous leishmaniasis. Moreover, P. sergenti was predominant in the urban areas of Shiraz city, revealing the existence of P. sergenti as the probable vector of urban cutaneous leishmaniasis in these regions. In order to determine the principal vectors of urban and rural cutaneous leishmaniasis, a molecular survey of vectors is required.https://jmj.jums.ac.ir/article_700234_e502dc616850be87a596808cc53f2204.pdfJahrom University of Medical SciencesPars Journal of Medical Sciences2717-02848220100622An investigation on the practice of respiratory care in head injury patient in the emergency unit of Arak Valiasr hospitalAn investigation on the practice of respiratory care in head injury patient in the emergency unit of Arak Valiasr hospital212670023510.29252/jmj.8.2.21FASolimanZandHamidRezaEbrahimi FakharJournal Article20221225Introduction:
The most important factor in the care of traumatic brain injury (TBI) which can decrease the patient’s inability and mortality is appropriate care of the respiratory system. Thus, the quality of care and treatment of head injury patients in emergency units are very important.
Material and Methods:
This is a descriptive-analytic study conducted on 668 patients in the emergency ward of Valiasr hospital of Arak in 2005. The data were collected through questions categorized into two groups for nursing and professional care including the care of the respiratory system. The care providers collected the data by observation. SPSS was used to analyze the data.
Results:
The quality of respiratory care provided by the nursing team for patients who had minor, moderate and severe head injury was poor, medium and poor, respectively. For physicians’ team, it was poor, poor and medium for the mentioned groups, respectively. In general, the quality of care provided by the specialists was assessed medium.
Conclusion:
Thus, for improvement of the quality of care for this type of patients, it is necessary to pay attention to some shortages such as appropriate equipment, enough personnel and education.Introduction:
The most important factor in the care of traumatic brain injury (TBI) which can decrease the patient’s inability and mortality is appropriate care of the respiratory system. Thus, the quality of care and treatment of head injury patients in emergency units are very important.
Material and Methods:
This is a descriptive-analytic study conducted on 668 patients in the emergency ward of Valiasr hospital of Arak in 2005. The data were collected through questions categorized into two groups for nursing and professional care including the care of the respiratory system. The care providers collected the data by observation. SPSS was used to analyze the data.
Results:
The quality of respiratory care provided by the nursing team for patients who had minor, moderate and severe head injury was poor, medium and poor, respectively. For physicians’ team, it was poor, poor and medium for the mentioned groups, respectively. In general, the quality of care provided by the specialists was assessed medium.
Conclusion:
Thus, for improvement of the quality of care for this type of patients, it is necessary to pay attention to some shortages such as appropriate equipment, enough personnel and education.https://jmj.jums.ac.ir/article_700235_b63b570b07b183f8c122e6ed63b689db.pdfJahrom University of Medical SciencesPars Journal of Medical Sciences2717-02848220100622The relationship between body mass index (BMI) and co-morbidities of obesity in residents of GorganThe relationship between body mass index (BMI) and co-morbidities of obesity in residents of Gorgan293370023610.29252/jmj.8.2.29FAEinalahMollaeiSeed AbedinHosseiniGhnbarRoohiJournal Article20221225Introduction:
Obesity is one of the important health care problems in the world, being known as the main risk factor in the occurance of cardiovascular, hypertension and diabetes. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and co-morbidities of obesity in residents of Gorgan.
Material and Methods:
In a cross-sectional study, 207 subjects (18 years old or older) were randomly selected and a check list containing demographic information was completed for each person. All the subjects were then sent to the laboratory for blood tests. The statistical analysis was performed, using SPSS. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), Kruskal-Wallis and Chi-Square were usd to analyze the data.
Results:
The results showed that 31.4% of the subjects had normal BMI and 60.9 % of them had BMI >25. The mean BMI in all the subjects was 26.54 ± 4.86. There was a significant relationship between the level of LDL cholesterol and BMI (P < 0.05). The subjects with high BMI showed elevated blood pressure (BP), but no relationship was observed between BMI and BP.
Conclusion:
Our results about the relationship between LDL cholesterol and BMI indicate the necessity of the preventive and educational programs to educate the public on obesity and obesity-related co-morbidities.Introduction:
Obesity is one of the important health care problems in the world, being known as the main risk factor in the occurance of cardiovascular, hypertension and diabetes. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and co-morbidities of obesity in residents of Gorgan.
Material and Methods:
In a cross-sectional study, 207 subjects (18 years old or older) were randomly selected and a check list containing demographic information was completed for each person. All the subjects were then sent to the laboratory for blood tests. The statistical analysis was performed, using SPSS. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), Kruskal-Wallis and Chi-Square were usd to analyze the data.
Results:
The results showed that 31.4% of the subjects had normal BMI and 60.9 % of them had BMI >25. The mean BMI in all the subjects was 26.54 ± 4.86. There was a significant relationship between the level of LDL cholesterol and BMI (P < 0.05). The subjects with high BMI showed elevated blood pressure (BP), but no relationship was observed between BMI and BP.
Conclusion:
Our results about the relationship between LDL cholesterol and BMI indicate the necessity of the preventive and educational programs to educate the public on obesity and obesity-related co-morbidities.https://jmj.jums.ac.ir/article_700236_29a3a59d2ffe4b61507f1b68113ad137.pdfJahrom University of Medical SciencesPars Journal of Medical Sciences2717-02848220100622Assessment of the relationship between mental health and job stress among nursesAssessment of the relationship between mental health and job stress among nurses354070023710.29252/jmj.8.2.35FAMarjanMardani HamoulehAzizShahraki VahedZahraMoshtagh EshghJournal Article20221225Introduction:
Mental health is known as a factor in buffering negative effects of job stress. There are several stressful situations in nursing which could cause dissatisfaction, low work performance, quitting or job-changing among nurses. These situations cause physical and mental problems which mostly lead to irreparable damages in nursing care. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between mental health and job stress among nurses.
Material and Methods:
This study is a descriptive and correlation research. The population of this study consisted of 150 nurses who worked in educational hospitals of Zabol University of Medical Sciences in 2009 and the sample included all the nurses. The data were gathered using 2 questionnaires, Goldberg mental health tool and Altmayer job stress tool and analyzed through SPSS using descriptive (mean and standard deviation ) and analytical statistics (Pearson correlation, t-test, analysis of variance and Tukey's test) .
Results:
The findings showed that 57/3% of nurses were healthy and 42/7% of them suffered impaired mental health. Also, job stress in nurses was 50/7%, 46/7% and 1/7% severe, moderate and mild, respectively. The findings showed that there was a relationship between mental health and job stress among nurses.
Conclusion:
Based on the findings, taking the nurses' mental health into account is essential in decreasing job stress among them and increasing the quality of nursing care.Introduction:
Mental health is known as a factor in buffering negative effects of job stress. There are several stressful situations in nursing which could cause dissatisfaction, low work performance, quitting or job-changing among nurses. These situations cause physical and mental problems which mostly lead to irreparable damages in nursing care. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between mental health and job stress among nurses.
Material and Methods:
This study is a descriptive and correlation research. The population of this study consisted of 150 nurses who worked in educational hospitals of Zabol University of Medical Sciences in 2009 and the sample included all the nurses. The data were gathered using 2 questionnaires, Goldberg mental health tool and Altmayer job stress tool and analyzed through SPSS using descriptive (mean and standard deviation ) and analytical statistics (Pearson correlation, t-test, analysis of variance and Tukey's test) .
Results:
The findings showed that 57/3% of nurses were healthy and 42/7% of them suffered impaired mental health. Also, job stress in nurses was 50/7%, 46/7% and 1/7% severe, moderate and mild, respectively. The findings showed that there was a relationship between mental health and job stress among nurses.
Conclusion:
Based on the findings, taking the nurses' mental health into account is essential in decreasing job stress among them and increasing the quality of nursing care.https://jmj.jums.ac.ir/article_700237_68ba2ec695f9777ae535fdd0ad08810c.pdfJahrom University of Medical SciencesPars Journal of Medical Sciences2717-02848220100622A Study on the occurrence of Iron deficiency anemia in 1-6 year old children referring to health care centers in Jahrom, 1385A Study on the occurrence of Iron deficiency anemia in 1-6 year old children referring to health care centers in Jahrom, 1385414670023810.29252/jmj.8.2.41FAParand AvarNehleaSobhanianSaeedJournal Article20221225Introduction:
Children’s iron deficiency anemia is the most common nutritional problem; it plays an important role in reducing the child’s scientific and practical abilities. This study aims at reviewing the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in 1 to 6 year old children referring to the city health care centers in Jahrom.
Material and Methods:
This is a descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study using the multistage sampling method, conducted on 380 children aged 1-6 years in Jahrom city. A checklist was used to collect demographic data, information on malnutrition, exposure to disease, hemoglobin, iron free and serum iron band in order to determine the frequency and prevalence of the problem. .
Results:
Of the 380 children studied, 212 (55.8%) were male and the rest were girls. The mean age of the children was 33.7 months. 94 % of them weighed 3200 g at birth. Moreover, 46.3% of the children suffered from anemia and 18.7% were iron deficient. The whole 18.2% had iron deficiency anemia. 60 % of the patients with iron deficiency anemia were aged one year and 21.7% were two years old and no iron deficiency anemia was seen in 6 years of age (p=0/00). Although anemia was more common in girls than boys, no significant difference of iron deficiency anemia was found in both sexes (18.4 versus 17.9). 11.6% of the patients were under the 3rd percentile growth curve (P=0.031).
Conclusion:
Since 60% of the patients with iron deficiency anemia were aged one to two years, so there is a need to start and continue iron supplementation in this age group. Introduction:
Children’s iron deficiency anemia is the most common nutritional problem; it plays an important role in reducing the child’s scientific and practical abilities. This study aims at reviewing the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in 1 to 6 year old children referring to the city health care centers in Jahrom.
Material and Methods:
This is a descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study using the multistage sampling method, conducted on 380 children aged 1-6 years in Jahrom city. A checklist was used to collect demographic data, information on malnutrition, exposure to disease, hemoglobin, iron free and serum iron band in order to determine the frequency and prevalence of the problem. .
Results:
Of the 380 children studied, 212 (55.8%) were male and the rest were girls. The mean age of the children was 33.7 months. 94 % of them weighed 3200 g at birth. Moreover, 46.3% of the children suffered from anemia and 18.7% were iron deficient. The whole 18.2% had iron deficiency anemia. 60 % of the patients with iron deficiency anemia were aged one year and 21.7% were two years old and no iron deficiency anemia was seen in 6 years of age (p=0/00). Although anemia was more common in girls than boys, no significant difference of iron deficiency anemia was found in both sexes (18.4 versus 17.9). 11.6% of the patients were under the 3rd percentile growth curve (P=0.031).
Conclusion:
Since 60% of the patients with iron deficiency anemia were aged one to two years, so there is a need to start and continue iron supplementation in this age group. https://jmj.jums.ac.ir/article_700238_f1cb763f55c762c738a10cfc0fe15c2b.pdfJahrom University of Medical SciencesPars Journal of Medical Sciences2717-02848220100622475170023910.29252/jmj.8.2.47FABAjamiMTalebiBBahadoriJournal Article20221225Introduction:
Education on preventing oral diseases is one of the influential measures in improvement of oral health in the community. To this end, raising the school children's dental knowledge is considered to be a cost-effective plan for promoting oral health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of dental knowledge among the high school boys in Mashhad City.
Material and Methods:
This descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study was conducted on 782 high school boys. The participants' knowledge about oral health was examined through a questionnaire. The results were statistically analyzed, using Mann Whitney, Chi-Square and Krusacal Wallis tests.
Results:
The results of this study revealed that only 13.6% of the study group had a good amount of dental knowledge. School children's dental knowledge generally varied across independent factors like the school situation, school district, grade, and the level of parents' education.
Conclusion:
The results of this study indicated that the level of knowledge on oral health among school children in Mashhad is still poor and needs to be improved. Long-term, school-based educational programs on oral health are highly recommended.Introduction:
Education on preventing oral diseases is one of the influential measures in improvement of oral health in the community. To this end, raising the school children's dental knowledge is considered to be a cost-effective plan for promoting oral health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of dental knowledge among the high school boys in Mashhad City.
Material and Methods:
This descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study was conducted on 782 high school boys. The participants' knowledge about oral health was examined through a questionnaire. The results were statistically analyzed, using Mann Whitney, Chi-Square and Krusacal Wallis tests.
Results:
The results of this study revealed that only 13.6% of the study group had a good amount of dental knowledge. School children's dental knowledge generally varied across independent factors like the school situation, school district, grade, and the level of parents' education.
Conclusion:
The results of this study indicated that the level of knowledge on oral health among school children in Mashhad is still poor and needs to be improved. Long-term, school-based educational programs on oral health are highly recommended.https://jmj.jums.ac.ir/article_700239_9fb5e49002a9ebb15f1fdbe60df1dbdf.pdf