Jahrom University of Medical SciencesPars Journal of Medical Sciences2717-028411420221225Effect of 12 week aerobic exercise on the obestatin level in obese womenEffect of 12 week aerobic exercise on the obestatin level in obese women1870012910.29252/jmj.11.4.1FAFarzanehTaghianMaryamZolfaghariJournal Article20221225Introduction: Obestatin, an anti-hunger peptide, plays an important role in energy balance and body weight. The Aim of this study was to assess the effect of a 12 week aerobic exercise programon the obestatin level in obese women. Materials and Methods: Twenty obese volunteer women (age 35±6.81y, body mass index 35.8±3.67 Kg/m2, fat percent 43.98±4.02% and waist-hip ratio 1.03±0.05 (means±SD) were randomly divided into two equal groups, experience (n=10) and control (n=10). Aerobic training program was performed three sessions per week during 12 weeks using treadmill (start with 60-65% heart rate max/15-20 min, final with 80-85% heart rate max/ 45-50 min). Body composition, glucose, insulin and obestatin level were measured in the two groups before and after the intervention. Insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was measured by calculating the relevant equation. For inter- group comparison, paired t-test and for between group comparison independent-t test were used (significance level P<0.05). Result: The results showed that after a 12-week treatment of aerobic exercises, weight, fat percentage, WHR, and BMI in the experimental group were significantly decreased (P<0.05). It was also revealed that insulin and insulin resistance in the experimental group was significant. The important point was that the glucose level and obestatin did not show any significant changes (P<0.05). Conclusion: The result showed that 12 week aerobic exercise did not change the plasma obestatin levels significantly however, body composition and insulin resistance were significantly reduced. It seems that obestatin has no effect on weight loss.Introduction: Obestatin, an anti-hunger peptide, plays an important role in energy balance and body weight. The Aim of this study was to assess the effect of a 12 week aerobic exercise programon the obestatin level in obese women. Materials and Methods: Twenty obese volunteer women (age 35±6.81y, body mass index 35.8±3.67 Kg/m2, fat percent 43.98±4.02% and waist-hip ratio 1.03±0.05 (means±SD) were randomly divided into two equal groups, experience (n=10) and control (n=10). Aerobic training program was performed three sessions per week during 12 weeks using treadmill (start with 60-65% heart rate max/15-20 min, final with 80-85% heart rate max/ 45-50 min). Body composition, glucose, insulin and obestatin level were measured in the two groups before and after the intervention. Insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was measured by calculating the relevant equation. For inter- group comparison, paired t-test and for between group comparison independent-t test were used (significance level P<0.05). Result: The results showed that after a 12-week treatment of aerobic exercises, weight, fat percentage, WHR, and BMI in the experimental group were significantly decreased (P<0.05). It was also revealed that insulin and insulin resistance in the experimental group was significant. The important point was that the glucose level and obestatin did not show any significant changes (P<0.05). Conclusion: The result showed that 12 week aerobic exercise did not change the plasma obestatin levels significantly however, body composition and insulin resistance were significantly reduced. It seems that obestatin has no effect on weight loss.https://jmj.jums.ac.ir/article_700129_8aa590c50283e72206f98b5d2e8b4c75.pdfJahrom University of Medical SciencesPars Journal of Medical Sciences2717-028411420221225Effect of the herbicide Glyphosate on renal tissues in adult female ratsEffect of the herbicide Glyphosate on renal tissues in adult female rats91670013010.29252/jmj.11.4.2FAHojatKarimi JashniLalehNovinMohammadPoorahmadiJournal Article20221225Introduction: Glyphosate is a herbicide with great toxicity, and is more commonly known as 'Roundup' and is formulated as isopropylamine salt. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible effects of the herbicide glyphosate on the renal tissue of female rats. Materials and Methods: 50 female rats were randomly divided into 5 groups of control, sham and experimental groups 1, 2, and 3. The three experimental groups 1, 2 and 3 received intraperitoneal glyphosate 50, 100 and 200 mg/ kg body weight daily for 14 days, respectively. Then, the rats were anesthetized and their kidneys were removed and weighted. Tissue section was prepared and studied by light microscope. Urea nitrogen, uric acid and creatinine in the blood were measured. Results: Proximal tubule diameter in groups 2 and 3 compared to that of the sham and control groups and distal tubule diameter in group 2 compared to that of the control group were significantly increased. Urea nitrogen, uric acid and creatinine levels Increased in the Experimental Groups. Other tissue changes such as lymphocytic infiltration, congestion of the kidney and renal cells damage in the experimental group 3 was harder than that of the groups 1 and 2. Conclusion: Glyphosate causes inflammation and damage to the renal tissue. So this herbicide should be handled with caution.Introduction: Glyphosate is a herbicide with great toxicity, and is more commonly known as 'Roundup' and is formulated as isopropylamine salt. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible effects of the herbicide glyphosate on the renal tissue of female rats. Materials and Methods: 50 female rats were randomly divided into 5 groups of control, sham and experimental groups 1, 2, and 3. The three experimental groups 1, 2 and 3 received intraperitoneal glyphosate 50, 100 and 200 mg/ kg body weight daily for 14 days, respectively. Then, the rats were anesthetized and their kidneys were removed and weighted. Tissue section was prepared and studied by light microscope. Urea nitrogen, uric acid and creatinine in the blood were measured. Results: Proximal tubule diameter in groups 2 and 3 compared to that of the sham and control groups and distal tubule diameter in group 2 compared to that of the control group were significantly increased. Urea nitrogen, uric acid and creatinine levels Increased in the Experimental Groups. Other tissue changes such as lymphocytic infiltration, congestion of the kidney and renal cells damage in the experimental group 3 was harder than that of the groups 1 and 2. Conclusion: Glyphosate causes inflammation and damage to the renal tissue. So this herbicide should be handled with caution.https://jmj.jums.ac.ir/article_700130_220799a1ee2562b920c5690424699d48.pdfJahrom University of Medical SciencesPars Journal of Medical Sciences2717-028411420221225Identification of inducible clindamycin resistance in Staphylococcus areus methicillin resistance from clinical isolates by d-zone testIdentification of inducible clindamycin resistance in Staphylococcus areus methicillin resistance from clinical isolates by d-zone test172370013110.29252/jmj.11.4.3FASarehSaadatKavousSolhjooAkbarKazemiJalalMardanehJournal Article20221225Introduction: The increasing incidence of infections caused by strains of Staphylococcus aureus, especially methicillin-resistant (MRSA), has led to the increased use of effective antibiotics such as clindamycin and erythromycin for treatment of systemic and local infections caused by this organism. However, concern over the possibility of emergence of clindamycin resistance during therapy has discouraged some clinicians from prescribing it. The aim of this study was to identify the induced clindamycin resistance in clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 100 S.aureus strains isolated from clinical specimens were collected from laboratories in Shiraz (Shahid Faghihi, Nemazi and MRI) hospitals. Re-identification of the isolates was performed by conventional microbiological and biochemical testes. Methicillin resistant strains were selected by disc diffusion method, and inducible clindamycin resistance in these strains was identified using D-zone Test. Results: The result of susceptibility testing showed that out of 100 Staphylococcus aureus samples 44 isolates (44%) were resistant to methicillin. Forty-six percent of the isolates were resistant to erythromycin and 51% to clindamycin. Conclusion: The results showed that performing D-zone test in clinical laboratories for identification of induced clindamycin resistance, reporting the results to the physician for prescribing these two antibiotics for treatment of infections caused by inducible clindamycin resistant strains, and replacing the appropriate treatment regimen are essential measures to be taken.Introduction: The increasing incidence of infections caused by strains of Staphylococcus aureus, especially methicillin-resistant (MRSA), has led to the increased use of effective antibiotics such as clindamycin and erythromycin for treatment of systemic and local infections caused by this organism. However, concern over the possibility of emergence of clindamycin resistance during therapy has discouraged some clinicians from prescribing it. The aim of this study was to identify the induced clindamycin resistance in clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 100 S.aureus strains isolated from clinical specimens were collected from laboratories in Shiraz (Shahid Faghihi, Nemazi and MRI) hospitals. Re-identification of the isolates was performed by conventional microbiological and biochemical testes. Methicillin resistant strains were selected by disc diffusion method, and inducible clindamycin resistance in these strains was identified using D-zone Test. Results: The result of susceptibility testing showed that out of 100 Staphylococcus aureus samples 44 isolates (44%) were resistant to methicillin. Forty-six percent of the isolates were resistant to erythromycin and 51% to clindamycin. Conclusion: The results showed that performing D-zone test in clinical laboratories for identification of induced clindamycin resistance, reporting the results to the physician for prescribing these two antibiotics for treatment of infections caused by inducible clindamycin resistant strains, and replacing the appropriate treatment regimen are essential measures to be taken.https://jmj.jums.ac.ir/article_700131_2cb94e764c01e33c9378c5ead2260cf8.pdfJahrom University of Medical SciencesPars Journal of Medical Sciences2717-028411420221225An investigation of factors influencing disrupted sleep in university studentsAn investigation of factors influencing disrupted sleep in university students253370013210.29252/jmj.11.4.4FAIshaghRahimian BoogarMahdiGhodrati MirkouhiJournal Article20221225Introduction: Sleep disruption is one of the psychosocial issues among college students which might adversely affect their lives. This study examines the role of individual and psychosocial factors and intensive scholastic schedule in disrupted sleep patterns among medical and paramedical sciences students. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study on students of Semnan University of Medical Sciences, 143 males and 175 females were selected through convenience sampling. The subjects completed the Beck Anxiety Inventory, Multidimensional Acculturative Stress Scale, Global Sleep Assessment Questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Symptom Questionnaire and Demographical characteristics Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using correlation and stepwise multiple regression. Results: There was a significantly positive relationship among anxiety, stress and intensive scholastic schedule with global sleep disruption and the severity of related symptoms (P<0.001). In addition, anxiety, stress and intensive scholastic schedule had a significant role in prediction of global sleep disruption and the severity of related symptoms (P<0.001). Age, grade, and gender do not have a significant role in prediction of global sleep disruption and the severity of related symptom (P>0.05). Conclusion: In order to decrease the effects of anxiety, stress and intensive scholastic schedule on sleep health of college students, it is suggested that college students should be supplied with psychological education on how to manage anxiety, stress and intensive scholastic schedule before the occurrence of their harmful outcomes in sleep health.Introduction: Sleep disruption is one of the psychosocial issues among college students which might adversely affect their lives. This study examines the role of individual and psychosocial factors and intensive scholastic schedule in disrupted sleep patterns among medical and paramedical sciences students. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study on students of Semnan University of Medical Sciences, 143 males and 175 females were selected through convenience sampling. The subjects completed the Beck Anxiety Inventory, Multidimensional Acculturative Stress Scale, Global Sleep Assessment Questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Symptom Questionnaire and Demographical characteristics Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using correlation and stepwise multiple regression. Results: There was a significantly positive relationship among anxiety, stress and intensive scholastic schedule with global sleep disruption and the severity of related symptoms (P<0.001). In addition, anxiety, stress and intensive scholastic schedule had a significant role in prediction of global sleep disruption and the severity of related symptoms (P<0.001). Age, grade, and gender do not have a significant role in prediction of global sleep disruption and the severity of related symptom (P>0.05). Conclusion: In order to decrease the effects of anxiety, stress and intensive scholastic schedule on sleep health of college students, it is suggested that college students should be supplied with psychological education on how to manage anxiety, stress and intensive scholastic schedule before the occurrence of their harmful outcomes in sleep health.https://jmj.jums.ac.ir/article_700132_05e7880430a1211230ca0aa5756f18d6.pdfJahrom University of Medical SciencesPars Journal of Medical Sciences2717-028411420221225Comparison of ondansetron, metoclopramid, hyoscine and dexamethasone for prevention of post-operative vomiting in cataract surgeryComparison of ondansetron, metoclopramid, hyoscine and dexamethasone for prevention of post-operative vomiting in cataract surgery354170013310.29252/jmj.11.4.5FAMasoudGhaneeiRezaSahraeiJournal Article20221225Introduction: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) complicates the lives of patients. Most of antiemetic drugs used prevent PONV after surgery, but they have undesirable adverse effects such as excessive sedation, hypotension, dysphoria and extrapyramidal symptoms. This study aimed to find out the best drugs for the above-mentioned problem. Materials and Methods: In a prospective double blinded trial, 250 patients with ASA class I, II undergoing general anesthesia for cataract surgery were assigned randomly in five groups. Before the induction of anesthesia, the patients received Metoclopramide, Dexamethasone, Hyoscine, or Ondansetron and plasibo randomly. Vomiting episodes were recorded during 24 hours after the surgery. Results: The incidence of vomiting was 10% for Dexamethasone, 8% for Metoclopramide, 6% for Ondansetron, 12.3% for Hyoscine, and 27.2% for plasibo groups. Conclusion: The incidence of vomiting after cataract surgery showed a significant difference among the five drugs. Ondansetron was the most effective drug for prevention of post-operative vomiting. Of course, other drugs can be used in this operation as well.Introduction: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) complicates the lives of patients. Most of antiemetic drugs used prevent PONV after surgery, but they have undesirable adverse effects such as excessive sedation, hypotension, dysphoria and extrapyramidal symptoms. This study aimed to find out the best drugs for the above-mentioned problem. Materials and Methods: In a prospective double blinded trial, 250 patients with ASA class I, II undergoing general anesthesia for cataract surgery were assigned randomly in five groups. Before the induction of anesthesia, the patients received Metoclopramide, Dexamethasone, Hyoscine, or Ondansetron and plasibo randomly. Vomiting episodes were recorded during 24 hours after the surgery. Results: The incidence of vomiting was 10% for Dexamethasone, 8% for Metoclopramide, 6% for Ondansetron, 12.3% for Hyoscine, and 27.2% for plasibo groups. Conclusion: The incidence of vomiting after cataract surgery showed a significant difference among the five drugs. Ondansetron was the most effective drug for prevention of post-operative vomiting. Of course, other drugs can be used in this operation as well.https://jmj.jums.ac.ir/article_700133_b324afd7c3a6066f1142d5488da1c9d1.pdfJahrom University of Medical SciencesPars Journal of Medical Sciences2717-028411420221225Effect of hydroalcoholic extract of pumpkin seeds on start of oogenesis and change of hormone-pituitary-ovarian axis in immature ratsEffect of hydroalcoholic extract of pumpkin seeds on start of oogenesis and change of hormone-pituitary-ovarian axis in immature rats435170013410.29252/jmj.11.4.6FASamanehMotamed JahromiVahidHemayatkhah JahromiHabibJohariHosseinKargar JahromiJournal Article20221225Introduction: Pumpkin seed has been used in traditional medicine as a drug for improving sexual function and vigor. We did not find sufficient scientific evidence to support it. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of pumpkin seeds on hormone-pituitary-ovarian axis and oogenesis in immature rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, we used 30 immature female Wistar rats (weight range 100 to 80 g and 35-30 days old) were randomly selected and divided into five groups of six, three experimental groups, control and sham groups. The experimental group was injected 200,100,50 mg/ kg dose of pumpkin seed extract intraperitoneally for 21 consecutive days. One day after the last injection, blood was taken from the rats to investigate the sex hormones, and then their ovaries were removed for histological studies. Results: The results showed a significant increase in the mean serum FSH, estrogen and progesterone in the experimental groups compared to the sham and control (P<0.05). Secondary follicles in the experimental group compared to the sham and control groups showed a significant increase (P<0.05). Body weight and weight of the right and left ovaries in the experimental group increased (P<0.05). Amongst the other parameters, no significant differences were observed in all groups. Conclusions: Injection of hydroalcoholic extract of pumpkin seeds could significantly be effective on oogenesis and concentration of FSH, estrogen and progesterone hormones.Introduction: Pumpkin seed has been used in traditional medicine as a drug for improving sexual function and vigor. We did not find sufficient scientific evidence to support it. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of pumpkin seeds on hormone-pituitary-ovarian axis and oogenesis in immature rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, we used 30 immature female Wistar rats (weight range 100 to 80 g and 35-30 days old) were randomly selected and divided into five groups of six, three experimental groups, control and sham groups. The experimental group was injected 200,100,50 mg/ kg dose of pumpkin seed extract intraperitoneally for 21 consecutive days. One day after the last injection, blood was taken from the rats to investigate the sex hormones, and then their ovaries were removed for histological studies. Results: The results showed a significant increase in the mean serum FSH, estrogen and progesterone in the experimental groups compared to the sham and control (P<0.05). Secondary follicles in the experimental group compared to the sham and control groups showed a significant increase (P<0.05). Body weight and weight of the right and left ovaries in the experimental group increased (P<0.05). Amongst the other parameters, no significant differences were observed in all groups. Conclusions: Injection of hydroalcoholic extract of pumpkin seeds could significantly be effective on oogenesis and concentration of FSH, estrogen and progesterone hormones.https://jmj.jums.ac.ir/article_700134_c3ed584e6f3fbadce69eeb5b8ddf94e3.pdfJahrom University of Medical SciencesPars Journal of Medical Sciences2717-028411420221225Correlative factors of post-dural puncture backache in cesarean sectionCorrelative factors of post-dural puncture backache in cesarean section535970013510.29252/jmj.11.4.7FASaeedPasban NoghabiAarashHamzeiHosseinNazemiHosseinKamran BilandyJournal Article20221225Introduction: Spinal anesthesia is an optional method chosen for cesarean section. One main reason for the decline of this method is backache. This study was conducted to investigate the factors associated with post-dural puncture backache in cesarean section. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 200 patients aged 20-40 years old, who were candidates for Cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. The patients’ physical status of American Society of Anesthesiologists was I and EI in 12 months. The procedures were performed in sitting position, with a disposable 25-gauge needle, 75 mg Lidocaine 5% and 25 micrograms Fentanyl. The patients were followed up for incidence of backache in the first 24 hours and the first week after spinal anesthesia. Results: Incidence of backache in the first 24 hours was 5% and in the first week after spinal anesthesia it was 9.5%. There was a significant relationship between age, dural puncture in the lower part, post-dural puncture headache, high spinal anesthesia, nausea, vomiting and backache in the first 24 hours. Moreover, there was a significant relationship between age, nausea, vomiting and backache in the first week after spinal anesthesia (P<0.05). Conclusion: Early age, dural puncture in the lower part, high spinal anesthesia, nausea, vomiting, high spinal anesthesia and post-dural puncture headache increased the possibility of post-dural puncture backache.Introduction: Spinal anesthesia is an optional method chosen for cesarean section. One main reason for the decline of this method is backache. This study was conducted to investigate the factors associated with post-dural puncture backache in cesarean section. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 200 patients aged 20-40 years old, who were candidates for Cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. The patients’ physical status of American Society of Anesthesiologists was I and EI in 12 months. The procedures were performed in sitting position, with a disposable 25-gauge needle, 75 mg Lidocaine 5% and 25 micrograms Fentanyl. The patients were followed up for incidence of backache in the first 24 hours and the first week after spinal anesthesia. Results: Incidence of backache in the first 24 hours was 5% and in the first week after spinal anesthesia it was 9.5%. There was a significant relationship between age, dural puncture in the lower part, post-dural puncture headache, high spinal anesthesia, nausea, vomiting and backache in the first 24 hours. Moreover, there was a significant relationship between age, nausea, vomiting and backache in the first week after spinal anesthesia (P<0.05). Conclusion: Early age, dural puncture in the lower part, high spinal anesthesia, nausea, vomiting, high spinal anesthesia and post-dural puncture headache increased the possibility of post-dural puncture backache.https://jmj.jums.ac.ir/article_700135_693504ebb1d5e00ae61dad221b4624ab.pdfJahrom University of Medical SciencesPars Journal of Medical Sciences2717-028411420221225Comparison of quality of life in women with hysterectomy and hormonal therapy due to abnormal uterine bleedingComparison of quality of life in women with hysterectomy and hormonal therapy due to abnormal uterine bleeding596570013610.29252/jmj.11.4.8FAAshrafKazemiMinaHomayoniFahkriSabohiJournal Article20221225Introduction: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a common disorder in reproductive age in women and its treatment can promote the quality of life in women, but the characteristics and side effects of each therapeutic method based on cultural context of the society may affect the quality of life. Therefore, the objective of this study was comparison of quality of life in physical, emotional and social dimensions in two groups of women with hysterectomy and hormonal therapy. Materials and Methods: In this comparative study, quality of life in 54 women with hysterectomy and 54 women with hormonal therapy in reproductive age due to AUB in selected clinical centers in Isfahan was compared. Random classification sampling was used. The data collection tool was the standard questionnaire of quality of life which was completed six months after treatment. Results: Findings showed that mean scores of quality of life in total and in physical and emotional dimensions in hormonal therapy were higher than those of the hysterectomy group significantly (p<0.05), but the mean scores of quality of life in social dimension in the study groups was not different. Conclusion: The findings showed that quality of life in physical and emotional dimensions following hormonal therapy group was better than the hysterectomy group.Introduction: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a common disorder in reproductive age in women and its treatment can promote the quality of life in women, but the characteristics and side effects of each therapeutic method based on cultural context of the society may affect the quality of life. Therefore, the objective of this study was comparison of quality of life in physical, emotional and social dimensions in two groups of women with hysterectomy and hormonal therapy. Materials and Methods: In this comparative study, quality of life in 54 women with hysterectomy and 54 women with hormonal therapy in reproductive age due to AUB in selected clinical centers in Isfahan was compared. Random classification sampling was used. The data collection tool was the standard questionnaire of quality of life which was completed six months after treatment. Results: Findings showed that mean scores of quality of life in total and in physical and emotional dimensions in hormonal therapy were higher than those of the hysterectomy group significantly (p<0.05), but the mean scores of quality of life in social dimension in the study groups was not different. Conclusion: The findings showed that quality of life in physical and emotional dimensions following hormonal therapy group was better than the hysterectomy group.https://jmj.jums.ac.ir/article_700136_58226435730fdbe5c0c24b6236e4133e.pdf