Jahrom University of Medical SciencesPars Journal of Medical Sciences2717-028411120221225The effect of labeling the body organs on the learning of practical anatomy coursesThe effect of labeling the body organs on the learning of practical anatomy courses1670005110.29252/jmj.11.1.1FAMohammadPourahmadiDaneshJaveshghaniSedighehNajafipourShivaBigizadehJournal Article20221225Abstract: Introduction: One of the factors effective in deep learning of the course materials in the university is application of effective educational methods and using facilities for practical anatomy courses. Because learning anatomy is associated with some difficulties, we made an attempt to label the body organ in order to provide an opportunity for students to practice actively and learn this course more efficiently. Materials and Methods: We studied the effect of labeling anatomical structures on learning by medical students. Two groups of students were used in this study. The first group was composed of students admitted in Jahrom University of Medical Sciences in 2010 they had learned the practical sessions of head and neck anatomy by labeling whereas our second group was composed of students admitted in the above university in 2009 and had passed their head and neck anatomy course without labeling the organs. Both groups were matched in other aspects. The mean scores of the two groups were compared using t-test. In addition, we collected evaluation forms filled out by the students. Results: There was a significant difference between the mean scores of the two groups in anatomy course (P<0.001). Assessment results showed that 50.5% of the students believed attendance in practical anatomy classes using labeling has a very good effect on. 38.8% of the students believed labeling has a good effect on learning. On the other hand, 10% of them believed labeling has little effect on learning and 3.75% believed labeling has no effect on learning. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, labeling of anatomical structures has a very important effect in learning.Abstract: Introduction: One of the factors effective in deep learning of the course materials in the university is application of effective educational methods and using facilities for practical anatomy courses. Because learning anatomy is associated with some difficulties, we made an attempt to label the body organ in order to provide an opportunity for students to practice actively and learn this course more efficiently. Materials and Methods: We studied the effect of labeling anatomical structures on learning by medical students. Two groups of students were used in this study. The first group was composed of students admitted in Jahrom University of Medical Sciences in 2010 they had learned the practical sessions of head and neck anatomy by labeling whereas our second group was composed of students admitted in the above university in 2009 and had passed their head and neck anatomy course without labeling the organs. Both groups were matched in other aspects. The mean scores of the two groups were compared using t-test. In addition, we collected evaluation forms filled out by the students. Results: There was a significant difference between the mean scores of the two groups in anatomy course (P<0.001). Assessment results showed that 50.5% of the students believed attendance in practical anatomy classes using labeling has a very good effect on. 38.8% of the students believed labeling has a good effect on learning. On the other hand, 10% of them believed labeling has little effect on learning and 3.75% believed labeling has no effect on learning. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, labeling of anatomical structures has a very important effect in learning.https://jmj.jums.ac.ir/article_700051_cca910d79ab5eb93f62ddad197537308.pdfJahrom University of Medical SciencesPars Journal of Medical Sciences2717-028411120221225The evaluation of effective factors on attendance and nonattendance in theoretical classrooms, from the Viewpoints of Medical students of Jahromâs University of Medical SciencesThe evaluation of effective factors on attendance and nonattendance in theoretical classrooms, from the Viewpoints of Medical students of Jahromâs University of Medical Sciences71470005210.29252/jmj.11.1.2FAMohammadyassinKaramiAydaAmanatAtharRasekh JahromiAbdARezaSotoodeh Jahromi0000-0002-2131-2113Journal Article20221225Introduction: lectures of the professors are important, because, a great volume of Outlook and experiences of professor in these classes will be transferred to students. The Realization of above mentioned is active and continued participation of students in theoretical Classroom. The objective of this study is evaluation of effective factors on the presence and absence in theoretical classrooms, from the viewpoints of medical students of Jahrom medical university. Methods: This is analytic descriptive study. The statistical population is 254 of medical students from basic, physiopathology and clinical sections, 181 questionnaires were completed and returned. Data was analyzed by SPSS15 and Central index, dispersion, Independent t-Test and One way ANOVA. Significant level was considered less than 0.05. Results: The mean age (standard deviation ±) of 181 students who responded to the questionnaire, was 21.48 (± 2.2) that 66.3 percent of them were female. Among the 12-fold factors that affect on presence in theoretical classrooms, the maximum mean score were about application of the theory class presentation in hospital and among the 12-fold factors that affect on absence of theoretical classroom, the highest score related to inappropriate teaching method of professors. Conclusions: Application of Contents presentations at bedside patient, mastery of professor on the subject, important and the necessity of subject can be effective on the continuity of their presence in classrooms. Inappropriate teaching method by professors, Low efficiency of classes and fatigue from the previous classroom are presented by medical students as important factors that encourage the students to absent of classrooms.Introduction: lectures of the professors are important, because, a great volume of Outlook and experiences of professor in these classes will be transferred to students. The Realization of above mentioned is active and continued participation of students in theoretical Classroom. The objective of this study is evaluation of effective factors on the presence and absence in theoretical classrooms, from the viewpoints of medical students of Jahrom medical university. Methods: This is analytic descriptive study. The statistical population is 254 of medical students from basic, physiopathology and clinical sections, 181 questionnaires were completed and returned. Data was analyzed by SPSS15 and Central index, dispersion, Independent t-Test and One way ANOVA. Significant level was considered less than 0.05. Results: The mean age (standard deviation ±) of 181 students who responded to the questionnaire, was 21.48 (± 2.2) that 66.3 percent of them were female. Among the 12-fold factors that affect on presence in theoretical classrooms, the maximum mean score were about application of the theory class presentation in hospital and among the 12-fold factors that affect on absence of theoretical classroom, the highest score related to inappropriate teaching method of professors. Conclusions: Application of Contents presentations at bedside patient, mastery of professor on the subject, important and the necessity of subject can be effective on the continuity of their presence in classrooms. Inappropriate teaching method by professors, Low efficiency of classes and fatigue from the previous classroom are presented by medical students as important factors that encourage the students to absent of classrooms.https://jmj.jums.ac.ir/article_700052_9e1d1b4cff595f3b7138b4c97184f4e1.pdfJahrom University of Medical SciencesPars Journal of Medical Sciences2717-028411120221225The Role of Relaxation Training to Pregnant Mothers on Health Index of InfantsThe Role of Relaxation Training to Pregnant Mothers on Health Index of Infants152170005310.29252/jmj.11.1.3FAMonirehToosiMarzeyehAkbarzadehNajafZareFarkhondehSharifJournal Article20221225Introduction & Objective: Different Investigations have shown that the effect of Relaxation Training on emotional stress . This study was conducted to investigate the effect of relaxation training to pregnant mothers on health index such as Apgar index, weight, height in infants after delivery . Materials & Methods: This is a clinical trail in which 84 pregnant women who referred to two health center of shiraz(hafez and shoshtary )in (2010) were selected using simple sampling method and assigned randomly to case and control groups. The relaxation was taught to the case group whereas nothing was taught to control groups. At the time of delivery Health Index of Infants such as Apgar index, weight, height were assessed. . Data were analyzed using statistical tests such as Chi-square, T-test Results: The results showed a significant difference between two groups in , height, infant reflex and intensive crayning (with better situation in case group). There was no significant difference between two groups in delivery ,Apgar scores weight and cephalic index,meconium d ifcation, Apgar scor in 1-5minut. Conclusion: it seems that teaching of relaxation to pregnant women could be effective in mother and her childerns. Therefore attention should be paid to different methods for reducing the stress in this group of mothers.Introduction & Objective: Different Investigations have shown that the effect of Relaxation Training on emotional stress . This study was conducted to investigate the effect of relaxation training to pregnant mothers on health index such as Apgar index, weight, height in infants after delivery . Materials & Methods: This is a clinical trail in which 84 pregnant women who referred to two health center of shiraz(hafez and shoshtary )in (2010) were selected using simple sampling method and assigned randomly to case and control groups. The relaxation was taught to the case group whereas nothing was taught to control groups. At the time of delivery Health Index of Infants such as Apgar index, weight, height were assessed. . Data were analyzed using statistical tests such as Chi-square, T-test Results: The results showed a significant difference between two groups in , height, infant reflex and intensive crayning (with better situation in case group). There was no significant difference between two groups in delivery ,Apgar scores weight and cephalic index,meconium d ifcation, Apgar scor in 1-5minut. Conclusion: it seems that teaching of relaxation to pregnant women could be effective in mother and her childerns. Therefore attention should be paid to different methods for reducing the stress in this group of mothers.https://jmj.jums.ac.ir/article_700053_cf0fba8bde4d38259748248b0c545500.pdfJahrom University of Medical SciencesPars Journal of Medical Sciences2717-028411120221225The effects of six weeks high intensity interval training (HIIT) on resting plasma levels of adiponectin and fat loss in sedentary young womenThe effects of six weeks high intensity interval training (HIIT) on resting plasma levels of adiponectin and fat loss in sedentary young women233170005410.29252/jmj.11.1.4FAMohammadRezaKordiServatChoopaniMohammadHemmatinafarZeynabChoopaniJournal Article20221225Introduction: high intensity interval training (HIIT) enhances capacity for fat oxidation and mitochondrial enzyme activity, but the effect of HIIT on plasma adiponectin levels is not yet clear. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of six weeks HIIT on resting plasma levels of adiponectin, insulin sensitivity and resistance and fat loss in sedentary young women. Material and Methods: Twenty tow students voluntarily participated in this study and the randomly divided into two groups: Experimental and Control groups. Experimental group performed three HIIE sessions per week for 6 weeks. Each session consisted of either four to six repeats of maximal sprint running within a 20 m area with 20–30 s recovery. Fasting blood samples were collected 24 hours before and after exercise protocol. Data were analyzed by dependent t test and paired t test. Results: Statistical analysis data showed, resting adiponectin levels post-intervention in the experimental group had significantly increased (p=0.047). Significant improvements (P<0.05) were found in body fat percentage, body mass index (BMI) and waist to hip ratio (WHR) post-intervention (experimental group). Conclusion: the findings of present study demonstrated, High-intensity interval training is an appropriate method to reduce body fat and improve anthropometric indices in sedentary young women. Also, the intensity of exercise as an important factor in the increase in adiponectin levels could be noted.Introduction: high intensity interval training (HIIT) enhances capacity for fat oxidation and mitochondrial enzyme activity, but the effect of HIIT on plasma adiponectin levels is not yet clear. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of six weeks HIIT on resting plasma levels of adiponectin, insulin sensitivity and resistance and fat loss in sedentary young women. Material and Methods: Twenty tow students voluntarily participated in this study and the randomly divided into two groups: Experimental and Control groups. Experimental group performed three HIIE sessions per week for 6 weeks. Each session consisted of either four to six repeats of maximal sprint running within a 20 m area with 20–30 s recovery. Fasting blood samples were collected 24 hours before and after exercise protocol. Data were analyzed by dependent t test and paired t test. Results: Statistical analysis data showed, resting adiponectin levels post-intervention in the experimental group had significantly increased (p=0.047). Significant improvements (P<0.05) were found in body fat percentage, body mass index (BMI) and waist to hip ratio (WHR) post-intervention (experimental group). Conclusion: the findings of present study demonstrated, High-intensity interval training is an appropriate method to reduce body fat and improve anthropometric indices in sedentary young women. Also, the intensity of exercise as an important factor in the increase in adiponectin levels could be noted.https://jmj.jums.ac.ir/article_700054_ec4ef7764222ceec1494da9855ccdcb2.pdfJahrom University of Medical SciencesPars Journal of Medical Sciences2717-028411120221225Isolation of B-1 subtype B lymphocytes from human cord bloodIsolation of B-1 subtype B lymphocytes from human cord blood334070005510.29252/jmj.11.1.5FAJavadSanchooliNarimanMosafaAzizShahraki VahedGholamhosseinFarjahJournal Article20221225Abstract: Introduction: B1 lymphocytes by having a large supply of CD5 as a marker have the capability of cell differentiation and distinguishing them into cells similar to macrophages B1 Cell. The aim of the study is to determine the possibility of separation and purification of this unique category from other cellular organizations of cord blood lymphocytes. Materials and Methods: 14 samples of the umbilical cord blood from normal delivery or elective cesarean were used. Dilutions of cells to purified circulating Leukocytes by the use of hydroxyl ethyl starch or 3% gelatin have been made and WBC was separated from RBC. In order to separate adhesive or non-adhesve cells, cell culture was done. By gradient ficoll and centrifuge, lymphocyte cells of the umbilical cord from the remaining leukocytes and mononuclear cells were purified and they were extracted from B lymphocytes by nylon wool columns. And rosette test was used for testing the extracted cells. Results: In spite of lack of difference between cellular counts in the two blood dilution materials, the amount of cellular survival showed to be lower than 87% in hydroxyl ethyl starch method while in the dilution method with gelatin 3%, the cellular life was about 90-95%. The results of Rosette test showed that dilution amount of B1 cells by the above method was about 99%. Conclusion: This process reveals that most of B cells extracted from cord blood are the of B1 cell type and the best and most suitable technique is gelatin 3% procedure with regard to the number and amount of cellular’s life.Abstract: Introduction: B1 lymphocytes by having a large supply of CD5 as a marker have the capability of cell differentiation and distinguishing them into cells similar to macrophages B1 Cell. The aim of the study is to determine the possibility of separation and purification of this unique category from other cellular organizations of cord blood lymphocytes. Materials and Methods: 14 samples of the umbilical cord blood from normal delivery or elective cesarean were used. Dilutions of cells to purified circulating Leukocytes by the use of hydroxyl ethyl starch or 3% gelatin have been made and WBC was separated from RBC. In order to separate adhesive or non-adhesve cells, cell culture was done. By gradient ficoll and centrifuge, lymphocyte cells of the umbilical cord from the remaining leukocytes and mononuclear cells were purified and they were extracted from B lymphocytes by nylon wool columns. And rosette test was used for testing the extracted cells. Results: In spite of lack of difference between cellular counts in the two blood dilution materials, the amount of cellular survival showed to be lower than 87% in hydroxyl ethyl starch method while in the dilution method with gelatin 3%, the cellular life was about 90-95%. The results of Rosette test showed that dilution amount of B1 cells by the above method was about 99%. Conclusion: This process reveals that most of B cells extracted from cord blood are the of B1 cell type and the best and most suitable technique is gelatin 3% procedure with regard to the number and amount of cellular’s life.https://jmj.jums.ac.ir/article_700055_c0a3796ba31efccc73b5a983d8909f08.pdfJahrom University of Medical SciencesPars Journal of Medical Sciences2717-028411120221225The effect of long-term aerobic exercise on serum adiponectin and insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic patientsThe effect of long-term aerobic exercise on serum adiponectin and insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic patients414870005610.29252/jmj.11.1.6FAHeshmatParsianMojtabaEizadiDavoodKhorshidiFattanehKhanaliJournal Article20221225Abstract: Introduction: Obesity and overweight is known to play a key role in type 2 diabetes mellitus. The objective of this study was to compare insulin sensitivity and serum adiponectin between type II diabetic patients and healthy people, and to determine the effect of weight loss due to long-term aerobic exercise training on these variables in diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, thirty adult obese men with type 2 diabetic were randomly divided into experimental (aerobic exercise training, 3 months, 3 days/weekly) and control groups (no training exercise). Anthropometric indexes, serum adiponectin, glucose, insulin and insulin sensitivity were measured before and after aerobic exercise program in the two groups. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS software using t-test to compare the baseline measures and determine the effect of aerobic exercise on all variables. Results: In the baseline, fasting glucose and serum insulin were lower and serum adiponectin and insulin sensitivity were higher in healthy people than diabetic patients. Serum adiponectin and insulin sensitivity were found to increase significantly after aerobic exercise in the experimental group. Insulin levels remained unchanged and fasting glucose concentration and all anthropometrical indexes decreased significantly in the experimental group. All variables remained unchanged in the control group. Conclusion: Based on the findings, we concluded that aerobic exercise for a long time increases insulin sensitivity and serum adiponectin level in type II diabetic patients.Abstract: Introduction: Obesity and overweight is known to play a key role in type 2 diabetes mellitus. The objective of this study was to compare insulin sensitivity and serum adiponectin between type II diabetic patients and healthy people, and to determine the effect of weight loss due to long-term aerobic exercise training on these variables in diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, thirty adult obese men with type 2 diabetic were randomly divided into experimental (aerobic exercise training, 3 months, 3 days/weekly) and control groups (no training exercise). Anthropometric indexes, serum adiponectin, glucose, insulin and insulin sensitivity were measured before and after aerobic exercise program in the two groups. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS software using t-test to compare the baseline measures and determine the effect of aerobic exercise on all variables. Results: In the baseline, fasting glucose and serum insulin were lower and serum adiponectin and insulin sensitivity were higher in healthy people than diabetic patients. Serum adiponectin and insulin sensitivity were found to increase significantly after aerobic exercise in the experimental group. Insulin levels remained unchanged and fasting glucose concentration and all anthropometrical indexes decreased significantly in the experimental group. All variables remained unchanged in the control group. Conclusion: Based on the findings, we concluded that aerobic exercise for a long time increases insulin sensitivity and serum adiponectin level in type II diabetic patients.https://jmj.jums.ac.ir/article_700056_1287a1a4aaccce5b20031adae29c51a9.pdfJahrom University of Medical SciencesPars Journal of Medical Sciences2717-028411120221225Assessment of pruritus status and its relation to dialysis adequacy and laboratory factors among hemodialysis patientsAssessment of pruritus status and its relation to dialysis adequacy and laboratory factors among hemodialysis patients554970005710.29252/jmj.11.1.7FALilaMalekmakanMehrabSayadiMaryamPakfetratJournal Article20221225Purpose: In current study determined the status of pruritus and its relation to dialysis adequacy and laboratory factors among hemodialysis patients in Shiraz dialysis centers. So it could be planned appropriate interventions for promotion of quality of Life. Methods: This study is a cross sectional study that based on data collected from 141 patients. That selected by convenient sampling. We used a questionnaire, interview, and lab test for data collection. Data were analyzed using SPSS 11.5 software and appropriate tests. Significance level considered at 0.05 Results: The mean age of our patients was 53±16 years, (82.3% were married), and 53.2%of them were male. Of these patients 39.7% had pruritus that most of them (48.1%) reported they had pruritus in different time of during the day. A significant correlation was found between dialysis adequacy and pruritus (p=0.029), and correlation of pruritus and high sensitive-C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were significantly positive (p=0.009). Conclusion: Pruritus is a common problem in haemodialysis patients, which is significantly associated with dialysis adequacy and hs-CRP. The level of their quality of life could be with some appropriate interventions.Purpose: In current study determined the status of pruritus and its relation to dialysis adequacy and laboratory factors among hemodialysis patients in Shiraz dialysis centers. So it could be planned appropriate interventions for promotion of quality of Life. Methods: This study is a cross sectional study that based on data collected from 141 patients. That selected by convenient sampling. We used a questionnaire, interview, and lab test for data collection. Data were analyzed using SPSS 11.5 software and appropriate tests. Significance level considered at 0.05 Results: The mean age of our patients was 53±16 years, (82.3% were married), and 53.2%of them were male. Of these patients 39.7% had pruritus that most of them (48.1%) reported they had pruritus in different time of during the day. A significant correlation was found between dialysis adequacy and pruritus (p=0.029), and correlation of pruritus and high sensitive-C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were significantly positive (p=0.009). Conclusion: Pruritus is a common problem in haemodialysis patients, which is significantly associated with dialysis adequacy and hs-CRP. The level of their quality of life could be with some appropriate interventions.https://jmj.jums.ac.ir/article_700057_da89d452779f483873d0df6daddf64b3.pdfJahrom University of Medical SciencesPars Journal of Medical Sciences2717-028411120221225Effects of Satureja Khozestanica essential oil on hemoglobin A1C, serum urea and creatinine in alloxan-induced Type 1 diabetic adult ratsEffects of Satureja Khozestanica essential oil on hemoglobin A1C, serum urea and creatinine in alloxan-induced Type 1 diabetic adult rats576270005810.29252/jmj.11.1.8FAHassanAhmadvandMajidTavafiAliKhosrowbeygiJournal Article20221225Abstract: Introduction: The prevalence of diabetes in the world is rapidly rising. Hemoglobin A1C is the best marker for the control and management of diabetes. This study aimed to determine the protective effect of Satureja khozestanica essential oil (SKE) on hemoglobin A1C, urea and creatinine in diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty male rats were divided into three groups randomly group one as control, group two untreated diabetic, and group three treated with SKE by 500 ppm in drinking water, respectively. Diabetes was induced in the second and third groups by alloxan injection subcutaneously (120 mg/kg). After 8 weeks, the levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), hemoglobin A1C, urea and creatinine of all groups were analyzed. Also, free radical scavenging of SKE was determined. Results: The level of FBG, hemoglobin A1C, urea and creatinine decreased in the treated group significantly. Also, SKE and BHT as positive control showed remarkable scavenging activity on 2, 2-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), respectively (IC50 5.30 ± 0.11 and 3.88 ± 0.12 ng/ml). Conclusion: This study showed that SKE exerts beneficial effects on the FBG, hemoglobin A1C, urea and creatinine level in Type 1 diabetic rats.Abstract: Introduction: The prevalence of diabetes in the world is rapidly rising. Hemoglobin A1C is the best marker for the control and management of diabetes. This study aimed to determine the protective effect of Satureja khozestanica essential oil (SKE) on hemoglobin A1C, urea and creatinine in diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty male rats were divided into three groups randomly group one as control, group two untreated diabetic, and group three treated with SKE by 500 ppm in drinking water, respectively. Diabetes was induced in the second and third groups by alloxan injection subcutaneously (120 mg/kg). After 8 weeks, the levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), hemoglobin A1C, urea and creatinine of all groups were analyzed. Also, free radical scavenging of SKE was determined. Results: The level of FBG, hemoglobin A1C, urea and creatinine decreased in the treated group significantly. Also, SKE and BHT as positive control showed remarkable scavenging activity on 2, 2-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), respectively (IC50 5.30 ± 0.11 and 3.88 ± 0.12 ng/ml). Conclusion: This study showed that SKE exerts beneficial effects on the FBG, hemoglobin A1C, urea and creatinine level in Type 1 diabetic rats.https://jmj.jums.ac.ir/article_700058_cef673956de18ad2eecdd85020bdbbf7.pdfJahrom University of Medical SciencesPars Journal of Medical Sciences2717-028411120221225The Effect of Memory Reinforcement by Cholinergic Agonist and Music on Creating Morphine Dependency in Mice Using Conditioned Place Preference (CPP) MethodThe Effect of Memory Reinforcement by Cholinergic Agonist and Music on Creating Morphine Dependency in Mice Using Conditioned Place Preference (CPP) Method637170005910.29252/jmj.11.1.9FAEebrahimHosseiniMokhtarMokhtariAkbarVahdatiNeamatRazmiFarnazTavakoliJournal Article20221225The most important side effect of addictive drugs is their interaction with nervous system so that soon after taking the drug, the neurons̉ connections in nervous system are addicted to receiving the drugs frequently. The aim of this study was the effect of memory reinforcement by cholinergic agonist and music on creating morphine dependency. Materials and Methods: In this research, 110 male mature rats with the weight of 30-35grams were enrolled as the control, witness and experiment groups. The experimental group was included morphine, donepezil, morphine+donepezil, fast music, sedative music1, sedative music2, Morphine+ fast music, Morphine+ sedative music1 and Morphine+ sedative music2. Morphine was used to create dependency and donepezil was used as a memory reinforcement cholinergic factor. In order to estimate the level of dependency was used conditioned place preference (CPP) technique. Results: Results indicate a significant difference between control and morphine groups (p<0.05) and no significant difference among control group with groups of sham, donepezil and treated with music in the place preference. Also, significant difference between morphine group with groups of morphine+donepezil, morphine+fast music, morphine+sedative music1 and morphine+ sedative music2 in the in the place preference (p<0.05). Conclusion: Perhaps donepezil, the fast music and sedative music1 cause the reduction of Morphine-dependence CPP and sedative music2 increases Morphine-dependence CPP.The most important side effect of addictive drugs is their interaction with nervous system so that soon after taking the drug, the neurons̉ connections in nervous system are addicted to receiving the drugs frequently. The aim of this study was the effect of memory reinforcement by cholinergic agonist and music on creating morphine dependency. Materials and Methods: In this research, 110 male mature rats with the weight of 30-35grams were enrolled as the control, witness and experiment groups. The experimental group was included morphine, donepezil, morphine+donepezil, fast music, sedative music1, sedative music2, Morphine+ fast music, Morphine+ sedative music1 and Morphine+ sedative music2. Morphine was used to create dependency and donepezil was used as a memory reinforcement cholinergic factor. In order to estimate the level of dependency was used conditioned place preference (CPP) technique. Results: Results indicate a significant difference between control and morphine groups (p<0.05) and no significant difference among control group with groups of sham, donepezil and treated with music in the place preference. Also, significant difference between morphine group with groups of morphine+donepezil, morphine+fast music, morphine+sedative music1 and morphine+ sedative music2 in the in the place preference (p<0.05). Conclusion: Perhaps donepezil, the fast music and sedative music1 cause the reduction of Morphine-dependence CPP and sedative music2 increases Morphine-dependence CPP.https://jmj.jums.ac.ir/article_700059_002505b70a75aa46a8150e70385004e3.pdfJahrom University of Medical SciencesPars Journal of Medical Sciences2717-028411120221225The effect of aqueous extract of Salep Tubers on the structure of testis and sexual hormones in male miceThe effect of aqueous extract of Salep Tubers on the structure of testis and sexual hormones in male mice717670006010.29252/jmj.11.1.10FAZohrehFarajiHosseinNikzadKazemParivarMohsenNikzadJournal Article20221225Introduction: Salep tubers have been used in traditional medicine as a drug for improving sexual function and vigor. We did not find sufficient scientific evidence to support it. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of Salep tuber extract on the structure of testis and sexual hormones in adult male mice. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, we used 18 adult male mice (mean age of 4 weeks) and randomly divided them into three groups: the control group did not receive anything, the placebo group received only 200 µl deionized water, and the experimental group received 40 mg salep extract/200µl deionized water intraperitoneally for 7 days. Two weeks after the last injection, we took blood sample for biochemical analysis of LH, FSH and Testosterone and removed the testis of animals for histopathological study. Results: The results showed a significant increase in LH (ng/ml) in the experimental group (0.6 ± 0.09) compared to the placebo (0.39 ± 0.006) and control (0.38 ± 0.007) groups (p<0.05). Also, the level of testosterone hormone (ng/ml) showed a significant difference in the experimental group (0.38 ± 0.52) compared to placebo (0.37 ± 0.03) and control (0.36 ± 0.02) groups (P<0.05). The number of germinal and leydig cells revealed a significant difference in the experimental group compared to the placebo and control groups (P<0.01). Amongst the other parameters, no significant differences were observed in all groups. Conclusion: Injection of salep tuber extract could significantly be effective on spermatogenesis and concentration of LH and testosterone hormones.Introduction: Salep tubers have been used in traditional medicine as a drug for improving sexual function and vigor. We did not find sufficient scientific evidence to support it. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of Salep tuber extract on the structure of testis and sexual hormones in adult male mice. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, we used 18 adult male mice (mean age of 4 weeks) and randomly divided them into three groups: the control group did not receive anything, the placebo group received only 200 µl deionized water, and the experimental group received 40 mg salep extract/200µl deionized water intraperitoneally for 7 days. Two weeks after the last injection, we took blood sample for biochemical analysis of LH, FSH and Testosterone and removed the testis of animals for histopathological study. Results: The results showed a significant increase in LH (ng/ml) in the experimental group (0.6 ± 0.09) compared to the placebo (0.39 ± 0.006) and control (0.38 ± 0.007) groups (p<0.05). Also, the level of testosterone hormone (ng/ml) showed a significant difference in the experimental group (0.38 ± 0.52) compared to placebo (0.37 ± 0.03) and control (0.36 ± 0.02) groups (P<0.05). The number of germinal and leydig cells revealed a significant difference in the experimental group compared to the placebo and control groups (P<0.01). Amongst the other parameters, no significant differences were observed in all groups. Conclusion: Injection of salep tuber extract could significantly be effective on spermatogenesis and concentration of LH and testosterone hormones.https://jmj.jums.ac.ir/article_700060_1f97942572342cc442c09484aeb593ca.pdf